Want to learn more about the Critical Quality Attributes of AAV? Check out this great resource!
If AAV quality keeps you up at night... This paper is a goldmine of insight. The authors provide an overview on nearly every available technique that can be used to measure AAV quality (and all the species you should be measuring). Here is a quick list of the Critical Quality Attributes and methods to be used when analyzing AAV: 𝗣𝗵𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿 (total amount of particles present in the preparation) - Genome titer by qPCR or ddPCR - Total capsid by ELISA 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗲 (measure of functional yield) - TCID50 - Gene Transfer Assay 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆 (Ensures high product quality and safety) - Genetic identity (truncated genome (partials) can translate into proteins that can be harmful so it is important to sequence these genes (NGS, Sanger sequencing) - Genome integrity (multiplex dPCR, which employs probe assays with distinct fluorophores targeting various regions of the recombinant AAV genome and Nanopore NGS) - Methylation status (Measured by bisulfite PCR sequencing: it is not well understood if methylation should be considered as a CQA but there are reports that wild type AAV genome methylation levels are negligible while AAV genome integrated into the host-cell DNA is hypermethylated) - Capsid identity and stoichiometry (for serotype identification and capsid composition analysis, ELISA, WB, MS-HPLC, Capillary Electroforesis (CE), MS can distinguish between highly homologous AAVs and even detect point mutations) 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 (𝗘𝗺𝗽𝘁𝘆, 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹, 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗱𝘀) - ELISA + qPCR/dPCR - Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) - Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) - Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry (CDMS) - Size-exclusion chromatography-multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS) - Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) - Anion Exchange (AEX) HPLC - Mass photometry 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 + 𝗦𝗮𝗳𝗲𝘁𝘆 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝘀 - Residual plasmid DNA - Residual benzonase - Residual Host cell DNA - Residual Host cell proteins - Mycoplasma - Etc. Many thanks to the authors, this is a valuable resource! Theodoros Kontogiannis Is there anything else that you would add? Share it in the comments. #aav #genetherapy #analytics