परिणाम

See also: पूर्णिमा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परिणाम (pariṇāma).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pə.ɾɪ.ɳɑːm/, [pɐ.ɾɪ.ɳä̃ːm]

Noun

परिणाम • (pariṇām) m (Urdu spelling پرنام)

1. result, outcome

   Synonyms: नतीजा (natījā), फल (phal)

   निर्वाचन का क्या परिणाम था?

   nirvācan kā kyā pariṇām thā?

   What was the result of the election?

2. consequence

   उसे इसका परिणाम भोगना पड़ेगा।

   use iskā pariṇām bhognā paṛegā.

   He/she will have to face the consequences.

Declension

Declension of परिणाम (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	परिणाम pariṇām	परिणाम pariṇām
oblique	परिणाम pariṇām	परिणामों pariṇāmõ
vocative	परिणाम pariṇām	परिणामो pariṇāmo

References

• Platts, John T. (1884) “परिणाम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परिणाम (pariṇāma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pə.ɾi.ɳam/

Noun

परिणाम • (pariṇām) m

1. result, effect, consequence

   Synonym: निष्पत्ती (niṣpattī)

याचा परिणाम म्हणून दुसऱ्या दिवशी शहरातलं तापमान 8 ते 9 अंश सेल्सिअस पर्यंत घसरलं।

yācā pariṇām mhaṇūn dusaryā divśī śahrātla tāpmān 8 te 9 auśa selsias paryanta ghasarlan.

As a result, the temperature in the city fell 8 to 9 degrees Celsius on the following day.

Declension

Declension of परिणाम (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	परिणाम pariṇām
direct plural	परिणाम pariṇām
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	परिणाम pariṇām		परिणाम pariṇām
oblique सामान्यरूप	परिणामा pariṇāmā		परिणामां- pariṇāmān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	परिणामाला pariṇāmālā		परिणामांना pariṇāmānnā
ergative	परिणामाने, परिणामानं pariṇāmāne, pariṇāmāna		परिणामांनी pariṇāmānnī
instrumental	परिणामाशी pariṇāmāśī		परिणामांशी pariṇāmānśī
locative सप्तमी	परिणामात pariṇāmāt		परिणामांत pariṇāmāt
vocative संबोधन	परिणामा pariṇāmā		परिणामांनो pariṇāmānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of परिणाम (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	परिणामाचा pariṇāmāċā	परिणामाचे pariṇāmāċe	परिणामाची pariṇāmācī	परिणामाच्या pariṇāmācā	परिणामाचे, परिणामाचं pariṇāmāċe, pariṇāmāċa	परिणामाची pariṇāmācī	परिणामाच्या pariṇāmācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	परिणामांचा pariṇāmānċā	परिणामांचे pariṇāmānċe	परिणामांची pariṇāmāñcī	परिणामांच्या pariṇāmāncā	परिणामांचे, परिणामांचं pariṇāmānċe, pariṇāmānċa	परिणामांची pariṇāmāñcī	परिणामांच्या pariṇāmāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “परिणाम”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “परिणाम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পৰিণাম (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬭᬶᬡᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
• পরিণাম (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰨𑰰𑰜𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀡𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ပရိဏာမ (Burmese script)
• પરિણામ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਰਿਣਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌰𑌿𑌣𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦫꦶꦟꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂩𑂱𑂝𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಪರಿಣಾಮ (Kannada script)
• បរិណាម (Khmer script)
• ປຣິຓາມ (Lao script)
• പരിണാമ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᡵᡳᢏᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘨𑘱𑘜𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᠷᠢᢏᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧈𑧒𑦼𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐬𑐶𑐞𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
• ପରିଣାମ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢬꢶꢠꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆫𑆴𑆟𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖨𑖰𑖜𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
• පරිණාම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩼𑩑𑩪𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚤𑚮𑚘𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
• பரிணாம (Tamil script)
• పరిణామ (Telugu script)
• ปริณาม (Thai script)
• པ་རི་ཎཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒩𑒱𑒝𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨫𑨁𑨘𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Compound of परि- (pari-) +‎ नाम (nāma), from नम् (nam, “to bow; to yield, give way”).

Noun

परिणाम • (pariṇāma) stem, m

1. product, result, conclusion, fruit
2. a figure of speech by which the properties of any object are transferred to that with which it is compared

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of परिणाम
Nom. sg.	परिणामः (pariṇāmaḥ)
Gen. sg.	परिणामस्य (pariṇāmasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	परिणामः (pariṇāmaḥ)	परिणामौ (pariṇāmau)	परिणामाः (pariṇāmāḥ)
Vocative	परिणाम (pariṇāma)	परिणामौ (pariṇāmau)	परिणामाः (pariṇāmāḥ)
Accusative	परिणामम् (pariṇāmam)	परिणामौ (pariṇāmau)	परिणामान् (pariṇāmān)
Instrumental	परिणामेन (pariṇāmena)	परिणामाभ्याम् (pariṇāmābhyām)	परिणामैः (pariṇāmaiḥ)
Dative	परिणामाय (pariṇāmāya)	परिणामाभ्याम् (pariṇāmābhyām)	परिणामेभ्यः (pariṇāmebhyaḥ)
Ablative	परिणामात् (pariṇāmāt)	परिणामाभ्याम् (pariṇāmābhyām)	परिणामेभ्यः (pariṇāmebhyaḥ)
Genitive	परिणामस्य (pariṇāmasya)	परिणामयोः (pariṇāmayoḥ)	परिणामानाम् (pariṇāmānām)
Locative	परिणामे (pariṇāme)	परिणामयोः (pariṇāmayoḥ)	परिणामेषु (pariṇāmeṣu)

Descendants

• Tamil: பரிணாமம் (pariṇāmam)

References

“Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1], 2012 May 29 (last accessed)