¿Cuál es la mejor manera de determinar el alcance de un incidente durante el proceso de respuesta?

Well there should be discussion on how you would determine your IOCs. It's not like you always know when an incident is first detected. I believe the article is focused on determining scope during response. So assuming you have an incident; what are the symptoms of said incident? What alerted you? You can use each answer to a question to find out "what is happening?". Then start asking what behaviors have changed. That is then a start to an IOC list.

To determine the scope of an incident during the response process, it is essential to identify the indicators of compromise (IoCs). IoCs are evidence or signs that suggest a security incident has occurred. This involves analyzing logs, network traffic, and system behavior to pinpoint any anomalies or suspicious activities. Look for indicators such as unusual login patterns, unexpected system modifications, or abnormal network communications. Identifying IoCs helps define the boundaries of the incident and provides crucial information for subsequent steps in the incident response process.

é realizar uma análise abrangente dos sistemas, redes e dados afetados. Isso inclui identificar todas as fontes de comprometimento, entender a extensão do acesso não autorizado e avaliar o impacto potencial nas operações e nos dados da organização. Além disso, é essencial colaborar com todas as partes interessadas, incluindo equipes de TI, segurança da informação e liderança executiva, para garantir uma compreensão completa e precisa do escopo do incidente. Essa abordagem permite uma resposta eficaz e focada, minimizando o impacto do incidente e garantindo a proteção adequada dos ativos da organização.

Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) are clues that signal a potential security breach. During an IT incident, look for unusual activity such as unexpected spikes in network traffic, unknown logins or accesses at odd hours, files with strange names or locations, sudden system slowdowns, unrecognized outbound connections, or alerts from security tools. Also, check for modifications to system files and configurations, unauthorized software installations, and the presence of malware or ransomware signatures. Monitoring these signs can help identify and mitigate cyber threats quickly.

An indicator of compromise (IOC) is evidence that someone may have breached an organization’s network or endpoint. This forensic data doesn’t just indicate a potential threat, it signals that an attack, such as malware, compromised credentials, or data exfiltration, has already occurred. Security professionals search for IOCs on event logs, extended detection and response (XDR) solutions, and security information and event management (SIEM) solutions. During an attack, the team uses IOCs to eliminate the threat and mitigate damage. After recovery, IOCs help an organization better understand what happened, so the organization’s security team can strengthen security and reduce the risk of another similar incident.

I'm not certain how helpful this is to determining scope. I would state scope is how wide spread something is. A compromised account that accesses 10TB of data with 16GB of exfiltration is a giant scope. If the data was all public data or publicly releasable then your impact and severity are quite low.

Once indicators of compromise are identified, the next step is to assess the impact and severity of the incident. Understand how the incident affects the organization's assets, data, and operations. Assess the potential business impact, data exposure, and the criticality of affected systems. This step helps prioritize response efforts based on the severity of the incident. By gauging the impact, responders can allocate resources effectively and make informed decisions about the urgency of containment and remediation actions.

Assessing the severity and extent of harm allows organizations to gauge the potential magnitude and scope of negative consequences arising from identified risks, enabling them to develop appropriate mitigation strategi

The best way to determine the scope of an incident during the response process is to assess the impact and severity of the incident. Impact refers to the extent of the damage or disruption caused by the incident, such as data loss, system downtime, or financial loss. Severity refers to the level of threat posed by the incident, such as the potential for further damage or the likelihood of recurrence. By assessing the impact and severity of an incident, organizations can prioritize their response efforts and allocate resources effectively to mitigate the effects of the incident.

The response phase, or containment, of incident response is the point at which the incident response team begins interacting with affected systems and attempts to keep further damage from occurring as a result of the incident.

After understanding the scope and severity, it's crucial to contain and isolate the incident to prevent further damage. This involves implementing measures to halt the spread of the incident within the network. Actions may include isolating affected systems, blocking malicious traffic, and restricting user access. Containment measures help limit the impact and prevent the incident from escalating. Effective containment is a critical step in incident response to regain control and protect unaffected areas of the infrastructure.

Eradicating and remediating the incident involves removing the root cause and implementing corrective actions to restore normal operations. This step aims to eliminate any lingering threats and vulnerabilities. It may include patching systems, removing malware, and fixing misconfigurations. The goal is not only to address the immediate symptoms but also to prevent the incident from recurring. Thorough eradication and remediation efforts are essential to ensure the organization's resilience against similar incidents in the future.

Eradicating and remediating the incident involves taking steps to remove the threat from the affected systems and restore them to a secure state. This process typically includes identifying and removing malicious code or unauthorized access, restoring data from backups, and implementing security patches or other measures to prevent future incidents. By eradicating and remediating the incident, organizations can minimize the impact of the incident and prevent it from recurring.

“After an incident has been contained, eradication may be necessary to eliminate components of the incident, such as deleting malware and disabling breached user accounts, as well as identifying and mitigating all vulnerabilities that were exploited

Incident response is a structured process organizations use to identify and deal with cybersecurity incidents. The NIST framework for incident response includes four stages: preparation and prevention; detection and analysis; containment, eradication, and recovery; and post-incident activity.

Once the incident is contained and remediated, it's crucial to conduct a comprehensive review of the incident response process. Evaluate the effectiveness of the response actions, identify areas for improvement, and document lessons learned. This step contributes to the organization's overall cybersecurity maturity by enhancing incident response capabilities. Regularly reviewing and refining the incident response process based on real-world incidents helps the organization adapt to evolving threats and ensures continuous improvement in incident handling.

Review your incidents after they are resolved and conduct a post-mortem analysis. Identify the root cause, the impact, the lessons learned, and the action items for improvement. Document and share your findings and recommendations with your team and stakeholders. Update your incident response plan based on the feedback and insights from your post-mortem analysis. Incorporate best practices and new technologies to improve your incident response capabilities. Review and test your plan regularly to ensure it is effective and up-to-date.

To effectively determine the scope of an incident, focus on: Alert Analysis: Start with initial security alerts. Log Review: Examine relevant logs for anomalies. Forensic Analysis: Investigate affected systems. Threat Intelligence: Correlate with known threats. Vulnerability Check: Identify exploited vulnerabilities. Update Containment: Refine containment based on findings.

Centrally retain incident details, including the incident description, root cause, corrective actions, preventive actions, lessons learned, etc. This information could prove useful in the event of a similar incident reoccurring in the future, especially if there are challenges in identifying the exact root cause or if the incident bears similarities with a past occurrence.

considerar o contexto organizacional ao determinar o escopo de um incidente. Isso envolve avaliar o potencial impacto nos negócios, a reputação da empresa e os requisitos regulatórios aplicáveis. Além disso, é importante documentar e comunicar claramente o escopo do incidente para todas as partes interessadas, garantindo uma compreensão compartilhada e uma resposta coordenada. Ao integrar esses aspectos, é possível garantir uma abordagem abrangente e eficaz para determinar o escopo de um incidente durante o processo de resposta.