Quelles sont les meilleures façons d’encourager la pratique du vélo en milieu urbain ?

Good bike infrastructure is essential, without it a city can’t expect uptake of cycling as a mode of sustainable urban mobility. Besides providing safety for cyclists, network needs to be well interconnected , without barriers - no one wants to bike feeling unsafe or having to step down all the time, and loose all the joy of being on a bike.

It is essential to recognize that while the development of biking infrastructure is crucial, fostering a biking culture plays an equally vital role. This involves creating a social environment where individuals from diverse social and cultural groups feel comfortable and supported in biking as their transport mode. Encouraging bicycling is not merely about constructing lanes and parking spaces but also about promoting inclusivity, safety, and a sense of community among cyclists. By hosting biking events, offering educational programs on cycling safety, and actively including representations of all community members in biking initiatives, cities can cultivate a culture where biking is seen as a desirable, accessible option for everyone.

To boost cycling within cities, it's crucial to: Enhance infrastructure with bike lanes and safe parking, Introduce bike-sharing initiatives, Enact policies that favor cycling, Run awareness campaigns on cycling safety ,Improve connections between cycling and public transport

As an urban planner, it's crucial to invest in dedicated cycling infrastructure such as lanes, paths, and parking facilities while promoting a positive cycling culture through events and education. Implementing traffic calming measures like reduced speed limits and road redesigns can improve cyclist safety. Additionally, integrating cycling with public transit through bike-sharing schemes and bike-friendly transit options enhances accessibility. Like in Peshawar, Pakistan, the "Peshawar Cycle Sharing with BRT" introduced bike-sharing stations across the city, coupled with awareness campaigns, effectively promoting cycling as a sustainable transportation choice while reducing congestion and improving air quality.

Encourage biking in cities with bike -friendly stuff like lanes, parking, sharing, and safe paths for all cyclists and needs.

Land use mix is a crucial prerequisite to robust walking and biking. If there's nowhere to walk or bike within range, it won't happen, no matter how good the facilities are. The good news is that the restructuring of retail to just in time at a local scale is fixing this without government intervention. To compete with delivery, retailers are shrinking their stores and scattering them throughout the landscape. In those areas, investing in the supporting infrastructure will yield dramatic benefits.

Make biking in cities easier by slowing down traffic with things like speed bumps and pedestrian zones. This makes it safer and nicer for cyclists and pedestrians.

Focus on design of intersections and roundabouts where both cyclists intersect vehicles and pedestrians. The default should be "stop means stop" (so eliminate the rolling stops of yield signs especially in heavily pedestrianised urban areas, are you listening UK!). Ensure pedestrian crossings at intersections force cars and cyclists to stop well back from the pedestrian crossing. I'm not sure the chevron shared road space is as good an option as separate routes, as it is used on roads that can't accommodate separate lanes: better to use a wider road.

In urban areas like Manchester, traffic calming measures play a crucial role in promoting cycling as a safe and viable mode of transportation. The city has implemented various strategies to calm traffic and create environments conducive to cycling. For instance, narrowing roadways through measures such as chicanes or curb extensions reduces vehicle speeds, making roads safer for cyclists. Traffic circles and raised intersections prioritize pedestrian and cyclist safety while encouraging motorists to slow down. Additionally, installing speed humps or rumble strips alerts drivers to reduce speeds in residential areas, creating a more comfortable environment for cyclists.

While designing right of ways, minimum width and number of vehicular lanes should be provided, while also taking care of avoiding traffic congestion during peak hours and supporting easy movement of emergency vehicles. In such a design, maximum open space will be available for pedestrians and cyclists. Traffic signage should clearly indicate vehicular speed limits calculated and set for the maximum safety and security of pedestrian and cyclists. Street signage and wayfinding should be comprehensive and must prioritize pedestrians and cyclists. Clear separation between cars, pedestrians and cyclists should be indicated by differentiating surface colours and textures, signage and wayfinding, and physical barriers such as curbs or landscape.

Encourage biking in cities by educating and promoting cycling. Offer safety courses, events, and advocacy groups to raise awareness and build a positive cycling community.

Launching campaigns showcasing the benefits of cycling and organizing events and workshops can create community engagement and enthusiasm. Providing resources like bike lane maps and safety tips, and integrating cycling education into schools and workplaces, helps promote cycling as a sustainable and healthy transportation option, leading to safer streets and reduced congestion.

Manchester has implemented various programs aimed at raising awareness about the benefits of cycling and educating both residents and visitors on safe cycling practices. These initiatives often include cycling proficiency courses, workshops on bike maintenance and road safety, and community events promoting cycling as a healthy and sustainable mode of transport. Manchester has also actively promoted cycling through marketing campaigns, social media outreach, and partnerships with local businesses and organizations. By highlighting the convenience, affordability, and environmental advantages of cycling, these efforts have successfully encouraged more people to choose bikes as their preferred mode of transportation in Manchester.

Education and promotion for raising awareness on cycling can be more effective by encouraging public participation. AlUla, a town in western Saudi Arabia is a good example. It all started with a club called Bike Hub, where people can buy or rent bicycles. The second stage was government investing in cycle paths. Employees of various organizations cycle in the morning in small groups every day of the week, with special long distance trips during weekends. A WhatsApp group manages the activities. Often children cycling events are conducted by various schools. Moreover, there is an organised annual event, where cycling enthusiasts from all over the world participate. Thus, more and more people are participating by seeing others on tracks.

The promotion of mobility alternatives such as the use of bicycles or pedestrians go hand in hand since both require promotion, road education and enabling infrastructure according to these requirements. All these changes require physical rearrangement as well as rearrangement in the culture in which is about inserting a new model of walkability. It is worth remembering that during the last global pandemic we were all able to learn to find new ways to adapt to what we are normally used to

there are three kinds of urban cyclists. Commuter, Leisure, and Fitness. with respect to commuters, Planners should focus on how to save cyclists time and add safety to their commute. Most bike commuters are biking a shorter distance (less than 5 miles), not wearing lycra, and wearing work clothes, so taking a shower and storage and might look good, but they often are underutilized. Much more impactful IMO is to make bicycle storage a feature within office space and as a ground floor use. That way you roll right into work and are ready to go. Its time saving and safer than in a garage. Also most people are intimidated about biking without dedicated cycle tracks through downtowns. Give cyclists a primary priority route to and from downtown.

Little things like providing showers in office buildings for cyclists to use after a long bike ride to work. Discounts at coffee shops, bakeries, and other eateries can also be a motivator, especially if it's paid for by reducing the parking requirements of those establishments

A small investment by the government can have a huge impact in encouraging cycling in urban areas. Last year, during the annual cycling event in AlUla, Saudi Arabia, the government gifted 200 free bicycles for children under the age of 14. This small gesture from the government had an exponential effect. Not 200, but 347 children in total, participated, including 147 with their own bicycles. After the event, the previously deserted cycle paths are flocked by not only children but family members of all age groups, especially during the morning and evening comfortable hours. For the government, the cost of 200 children’s bicycles is negligible compared to the huge success of accomplishing sustainability of the newly installed bicycle tracks.

City authorities, architects and traffic engineers must work together to create the infrastructure and the regulations for cycling.

Incentives like bike purchase subsidies and discounts, alongside regulations for bike lanes and infrastructure, promote cycling as a practical transportation option. Initiatives like bike-sharing programs and secure storage facilities further support cycling, reducing congestion and enhancing urban livability.

Two things that make a difference from my perspective (me and kids cycle every day in the city) are a good network of bike repair shops and technicians and having bike theft taken seriously by police. Where I live there has been a boom in cycling but not as fast growth in repair shops, meaning that I have been turned away fro shops if I didn't buy my bike from them or they only repair certain brands. If you can't get your bike serviced easily, it makes people reluctant to rely on bikes as a means of transport. Similarly bike theft has exploded, with electric and cargo bikes being particularly targeted. These are expensive - hard to get insurance, lock technology needs to be upgraded and police be to be proactive in tackling this crime.

Like any other mode of transport, the level of integration and coordination of cycling within an urban area is complex and interdependent with land uses and other transport modes. While developing the master plan, planning consultants plan efficient cycling networks connecting land uses and transport junctions, and cycling is included in the planning policies. Then, the government and private developers invest in laying down tracks and installing fixtures, like bicycle stands, signage, etc. and introduce digital apps. Bicycle shops and rentals are located at various locations. Authorities or community groups promote cycling by awareness programs, advertisements and organized events. The ultimate success is subject to public participation.

Encouraging cycling in urban areas requires a comprehensive approach that prioritizes safety, convenience, and accessibility. Develop a network of dedicated and well-maintained bicycle lanes that are separated from vehicle traffic to ensure cyclist safety. Implement bike-sharing programs that provide affordable and accessible options for short trips. Enhance end-of-trip facilities, such as secure bike parking, lockers to make cycling more convenient for commuters. Incorporate traffic-calming measures to create safer environments for cyclists. Promote cycling through awareness campaigns that highlight its health and environmental benefits. Provide cycling education and training programs to improve road safety and confidence among cyclists.

É importante reconhecer que o incentivo ao ciclismo não se resume às medidas físicas de infraestrutura, educação ou regulamentação e deve ser uma política governamental contínua, com a identificação e redução de barreiras específicas que impedem certos grupos de se envolverem no ciclismo, como a falta de estacionamento seguro para bicicletas ou preocupações com segurança em áreas urbanas densamente povoadas. Esforços de marketing para promover o ciclismo como uma parte do estilo de vida local e parcerias com empresas e organizações também podem ser consideradas para ampliar o alcance das iniciativas de ciclismo.

I would be careful here as these examples are examples of how we manage cars. Taken to an extreme you'll end up with the same problems as with cars, but this time with pedestrians. Look at the evolution of Birmingham city centre ring road for how bad things can be designed and then imaging the same solution for cyclists. I do think that a lot more roads can be closed to traffic, with adjacent parking and restricted use by cyclists. Calming means calming, not replace cars with bikes.

I'm skeptical of the "if you build it, they will come" philosophy. Reflecting on a project I was involved with a few years ago in Michigan, it became clear that having well-designed areas with high-quality biking and walking infrastructure isn't enough. For instance, despite the presence of such infrastructure, Muslim women were reluctant to use bike/walk trails, mainly due to experiencing microaggressions. This experience highlights the necessity of being cognizant of social barriers and underscores the importance of considering social comfort on par with the quality of infrastructure. It's crucial to address these issues to make biking/walking spaces accessible and welcoming for everyone, regardless of their cultural or social background.

Shade and green infrastructure needs to used to enhance any route to not only support the environment of those using the route - cooling - but provide amenity to enhance experience.

As a disabled person, please be aware that cycle routes that cut inside bus lanes are a dangerous nightmare. As we wheelchair off into the lane itself or steeply down off-pavement, it can be scary. And talking about scary, visually impaired people disgorging into a cycle lane is an accident waiting to happen. I’m a huge fan of more urban cycling, but this aspect needs some careful thinking…

I would start by making cycle shops more accessible and by creating learning and engagement hubs where people can gain a love for becoming a part of the cycling community. At the same time building awareness and advocacy amongst non disabled cyclists.. being seen more creates more of an awareness of need and builds ally ship within the community.

As a disabled person, my biggest barriers are access to inclusive equipment and the option to be active within my local environment. I have to use transport to access spaces and places to be active. There is also a lack of accessible routes.