Comment utiliser l’analyse sensorielle pour évaluer l’impact de la farine sur le pain ?

Correlating the formation of the gluten network with texture profile analysis and sensory analysis, despite being a statistical challenge, is extremely interesting and can be revolutionary.

Gluten, a complex blend of high molecular weight proteins known as Gliadins and Glutenins, exhibits minimal solubility in water. When mixed with water, they combine to form a resilient, elastic network within dough. This network traps gas bubbles during fermentation, crucial for bread's rise. The composition and interactions of these proteins, including the ratio of Gliadins to Glutenins and the presence of low and high molecular weight subunits, significantly influence gluten's functionality and bread quality. Bakers primarily gauge gluten quality by its performance in baking, as it is indispensable in bread production, commanding a significant portion of the market. Sensory depends upon texture, aroma, taste & Appearance.

Sensory analysis evaluates bread quality through various attributes like appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, and preference. It helps researchers understand how intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect bread quality and how to improve it. Sensory analysis is used to identify and quantify key quality attributes, evaluate the extent to which they're linked to consumer preferences, and optimize them accordingly. It's a critical tool for developing high-quality bread products that meet the needs of modern consumers.

Utilize a diverse sensory panel for a comprehensive evaluation. Consider aspects such as crumb structure, elasticity, and crust thickness. Conduct blind testing to eliminate bias. Implement quantitative measurements like crumb moisture and crust hardness. Develop a descriptive analysis vocabulary for precise characterization. Incorporate consumer preference studies and benchmarking against industry standards. Iterate through flour formulations based on sensory feedback, ensuring continuous improvement. Regularly conduct consumer surveys to align bread characteristics with market preferences. Document findings systematically to guide future flour selections and enhance overall bread quality.

The sensory attributes are the prime features that make bread marketable. Gluten is a protein formed when the glutenin and gliadin proteins are hydrated. This hydration is done when the wheat flour is kneaded. Optimum gluten formation results in the retention of air; this air is produced by yeast during fermentation. The air is expelled during baking, giving the bread a soft and fluffy texture. Farinograph is the equipment used to analyse the texture of dough that ultimately provides an idea of the strength of gluten strands. During dough formation, it is kneaded, formed and then fermented to produce bread. The disulphide bonds are broken into sulphydryl bonds and new disulphide bonds are formed that help in texture formation

Sensory analysis evaluates flour's influence on bread, focusing on gluten development. Through texture assessment, taste testing, and overall quality analysis, sensory experts gauge the flour's impact on the final product. This method provides valuable insights into the bread-making process, informing decisions to optimize gluten development for desirable characteristics in the end product.

Sensory analysis can be done by assessing the appearance, texture, aroma, and taste of the bread. For example, you can look at the crust color, crumb texture, smell the aroma, and taste the flavor. It helps to understand how different types of flour affect the final product.

Uma boa formação da crosta e miolo é primordial na panificação, poder controlar este processo e além disso, entender suas características a partir da percepção sensorial do consumidor também é importante e é extremamente necessário.

The characteristics of bread are divided into internal (Crumb color) and external (Crust color, Crust surface). Crumb color- Bright white or slightly creamy. Crust Color- Well developed golden brown colour, smooth and even. Crust surface- side walls and top crust should be smooth and should not contain holes or pits. Overall sensory experience of the bread, including the balance of flavors, mouthfeel, and the aftertaste. Compare the breads made with different types of flour to determine which one produces the most desirable crust and Crumb characteristics.

Crust and and crumb is analysed through visual quantification of the sliced surface area of a baked bread. This is used to observe the internal cellular structure of yeast to asses their texture, sensory and eating qualities. Main attributes determined by crumb analysis of bread include: internal cell shape, cell size, uniformity, cell wall thickness, porosity and color.

Sensory analysis for flour's impact on bread considers aroma and flavors through systematic evaluation. Experts assess the bouquet, identifying distinctive scents, while taste testing delves into flavor nuances. This comprehensive approach enables a detailed understanding of how flour contributes to the aromatic and flavorful profile of the final bread product, guiding quality improvements.

Bread aroma is one of the main requirements for its acceptance by consumers. One the first attributes perceived. Sensory analysis is crucial to be correlated with human perception Aroma formation is based on enzymatic lipid oxidation pathways and chemical drivers of liking of whole wheat influence by salt, sugars and other additives

Flour is the important skeleton matrix of bread. Color: based on the flour source, the color varies. Ex: whole wheat flour imparts darker color due to the bran. Flavor: flour decides the bread's flavor. Replacing wheat flour with fruits/veges or its peels gives characteristic flavors. Texture: high protein flour gives rough and strong gluten structure. Ex: bread can't be made in cake flour. Rye flour shouldn't be overmixed due to presence of pentosan sugar leading to gummy texture. Milling: Removing bran lightens the color of the bread. Ex: White bread comes from endosperm portion of wheat. Special treatments: addition of ascorbates, a-amylase enhances the nutrients and quality of bread. Storage conditions also impact the organoleptics.

Sensory analysis examines the properties (texture, flavor, taste, appearance, smell, etc.) of a product or food through the senses (sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing) of the panelists. Referring to the above definition, here are key aspects of sensory analysis that can be employed to assess flour's impact on bread: 1. Visual test: The Pekar test is suitable to carry out a visual assessment of flours. 2. Test for smell and taste. 3.Rubbing test to check whether flour is coarse or smooth by rubbing flour between thumb and fingers. Generally coarse flour has more protein content and consequently better baking properties as well, on the other hand smooth flour has higher percentage of damaged starch and hard to process.

Consumer behaviors have changed dramatically in recent decades, probably because of increased concerns about the impact of food quality on overall health. This situation encourages healthy eating habits by reducing the consumption of unhealthy products and promoting the selection of more nutritious foods.. Bread flour is used for yeast bread. The protein level in bread flour is 12-14% compared to all-purpose flour's average of 11%. Bread protein and water mix to form an elastic network known as gluten. The two proteins of importance are gliadin and glutenin. Sensory attributes, such as appearance, odor, flavor, taste, and texture of foods detectable by human senses, are often used to evaluate food quality.