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Last year’s sunshine 🌞 , this year’s surprise ⁉ Year-on-year weather variability also influences the formation of aviation contrails as stated in the latest paper of Ortiz et al. The animation below illustrates relative humidity over ice at approximately 10 km altitude, where airplanes typically cruise. Here, we compare the last weeks of January 2023 (left) and January 2024 (right): 🔵 Blue indicates high relative humidity 🌧️ 🔴 Red indicates low relative humidity ☀️ Contrails usually form and persist in the sky when relative humidity over ice exceeds 100%, in what are known as “❄️ice-supersaturated regions”. These contrails trap heat 🔥, particularly at night, contributing to climate change As shown this week, Europe in 2024 has been colder and more humid compared to 2023 🛫To airlines preparing to report on contrail warming, your 2025 figures could be significantly different from 2024 Manuel Soler Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Estuaire