HEET by EIED

**Optimizing Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design: Overcoming Tube Compressive Stress** Designing a shell and tube heat exchanger involves addressing various challenges, one of which is, managing tube compressive stress. Here are some key strategies to enhance the structural integrity and performance of your heat exchanger: 1. **Material Selection**: Opt for materials with high compressive strength and excellent thermal conductivity to withstand operational pressures and temperatures. 2. **Tube Support Design**: Implement robust tube supports, such as baffles and tie rods, to minimize deflection and evenly distribute stress, preventing buckling. 3. **Tube Layout and Spacing**: Optimize tube layout and spacing to ensure uniform heat distribution and reduce localized stress concentrations. 4. **Thermal Expansion Considerations**: Account for thermal expansion and contraction using expansion joints or flexible tube sheets to avoid excessive stress. Additionally, incorporating **shell-bands** (increasing shell thickness adjacent to the tubesheet-green area in the below picture) can provide extra support to the tubesheet, improve stress distribution, and accommodate thermal expansion, and pressure handling. By implementing these strategies, you can significantly enhance the performance and longevity of your shell and tube heat exchanger, ensuring they operate efficiently under various conditions. By: Seyed Alireza GHazanfari #Engineering #HeatExchanger #MechanicalEngineering #ThermalDesign #FEA #MaterialScience #TubeCompressive

“You call a meeting to try to convince your boss that your company needs to make an important move. Your argument is impassioned, your logic unassailable, your data bulletproof. Two weeks later, though, you learn that your brilliant proposal has been tabled. What went wrong? It’s likely the proposal wasn’t appropriately geared toward your boss’s decision-making style!” From the fantastic read: https://lnkd.in/gMiaWYip  Share your thoughts and experience in your confrontation with different managers decision-making styles. Name their style! Do they fit in below managerial styles? What made you fail or succeed on winning their side? #management #decisionmaking #persuasion

🌟 TEMA 11th Ed.- 2023 🌟 The Eleventh Edition of the #TEMA Standards has been issued by the Technical Committee of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association and here are the additional sections: 🔸One pass floating heads (RCB-5.4) 🔸Type-D high pressure channel closures (RCB-9.3) 🔸Exchanger type selection guide which discusses the benefits and disadvantages of various types of exchangers (N-1.5) 🔸A section on Inspection, non-destructive examination techniques and recommendations for their use for shell & tube heat exchangers (G-2) 🔸Repairs and alterations of heat exchangers (Non-Mandatory Appendix B) 🔸Clad and overlay construction (Non-Mandatory Appendix C) 🔸Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of shell & tube heat exchangers (Appendix D) 🔸The heat exchanger specification sheet has been modified (Figure G-1) 🔸Vertical vessel supports (RGP-G-7.1.2) 🔸Tube-to-tubesheet joints (RGP-RCB-7.3)

❓ Which one has precedence, #PWHT or #radiography, when both are required according to ASME SEC VIII div1? Where code does not state explicitly, paragraphs UHA-33 (b) and UHA-33 (c) say that when radiography is required for austenitic chromium–nickel stainless steels, it shall be made after post weld heat treatment. It is safe to perform radiography after PWHT, where all defects either weld imperfections due to improper welding or stress relaxation cracking due to PWHT process will be revealed. But if the welds need to be repaired, it will have cost and time impact. Another alternative is doing radiography in two steps, one after welding (to assure acceptability of the welds; if any defect observed it can be revealed before PWHT process) and the other after PWHT to assure material does not experience stress relaxation cracking. The second step may be waived for some materials like carbon steels due to the fact that code does not state any limitations. #engineeringsolutions #engineeringservices

Regarding your valuable & exciting support, comments, and feedbacks on our previous post🤩🙌, here we are with some small modifications/updates: ⚔️Difference Between ASME Sec. VIII, Div.1 & Div.2⚔️ 3. General, Design, Construction, Material ▪️ ASME Div.1: ❌️ Design factor of Hydrostatic test: 1.3 (Paragraph: UG-99, UG-100) ▪️ ASME Div.2: ⭕️ Paragraphs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ⭕️ Design factor of Hydrostatic test: 1.25 (Table 4.1.3) 4. RPE Certification of UDS (User’s Design Specification) and MDR (Manufacturer’s Design Report) ▪️ ASME Div.1: Not Required ▪️ ASME Div.2-Class I, II: There are no longer different requirements for the certification of UDS and MDR for Class I and II. (Annex 2-J) Reason for the Certification of UDS: Fatigue analysis. Reason for the Certification of MDR: Fatigue analysis, Design by analysis, Quick-actuating closures and Dynamic seismic analysis.

⚔ Difference Between ASME Sec VIII, Div.1 & Div.2 ⚔ 1.  Pressure Limits ◾ ASME Div.1: Normally up to 3000 psig ◾ ASME Div.2: No limits, either way usually 6000+ psig 2.  Allowable Stress S.allowable=min{(S.ultimate/Safety factor), (S.yield/1.5)} The Value of “Safety factor”: ◾ ASME Div.1 (Sec. II, Part D, App. 1, Table: 1A or 1B): 3.5 ◾ ASME Div.2-Class I (Sec. II, Part D, App. 2, Table: 2A or 2B): 3 ◾ ASME Div.2-Class II (Sec. II, Part D, App. 10, Table: 5A or 5B): 2.4 ◾ EN-13445: 2.4 ◾ PD-5500: 2.35 3.  General, Design, Construction, Material ◾ ASME Div.1: ❌ Paragraph: U, UG, UW, UF, UB, UCS, UHA, UNF, UCI, UCL, UCD, UHT, ULT ❌ Design by rules “Max. Principle Stress” ❌ Generally elastic analysis ❌ Impact testing: Few restrictions on materials; impact required exempted; extensive exemptions under UG-20, UCS 66/67 ❌ Welding and fabrication: Difference types with butt welds and other ❌ Design factor of Hydrostatic test: 1.3 ❌ Very detailed design rules with quality (joint efficiency) factors. Little stress analysis required; pure membrane without consideration of discontinuities controlling stress concentration to a safety factor of 3.5 ❌ Experimental stress analysis: Normally not required ◾ ASME Div.2: ⭕ Paragraph: AG, AM, AD, AF, AR, AI, AT, AS ⭕ Class I (Part 4): Design by rules “Max. Shear Stress”. Part 5 shall not be used in lieu of Part 4. ⭕ Class II (Part 4 and/or Part 5): Design by rules “Max. Shear Stress” and/or Design by analysis "Von-Mises Stress". Permitted to use Part 5 to overrule Part 4 in this class. ⭕ Elastic/Plastic Analysis and more ⭕ Impact testing: More restrictions on materials; impact required in general with similar rules as Div.1 ⭕ Extensive use/requirement of butt welds and full penetration welds including non-pressure attachment welds ⭕ Design factor of Hydrostatic test: 1.25 ⭕ Fairly detailed design rules. In addition to the design rules, discontinuities, fatigue and other stress analysis consideration may be required unless exempted and guidance provided for in App. 4, 5 and 6 ⭕ Experimental stress analysis: Introduced and may be required 4.  PRE Certification of UDS (User’s Design Specification) and MDR (Manufacturer’s Design Report) ◾ ASME Div.1: Not Required ◾ ASME Div.2-Class I: When fatigue analysis shall be required, and when Part 5 is used, because Part 4 does not contain rules. ◾ ASME Div.2-Class II: Required *Provided by: Alireza Araghi

 🔥 Unlocking the Secrets of Fired Heater Design 🔥 Are you fascinated by the intricate world of fired heater design? Whether you’re a seasoned engineer or just starting out, there’s always something new to learn in this dynamic field. Fired heaters play a crucial role in various industries, including refining and petrochemicals, by using the heat from fuel combustion to heat fluids inside coils. Here are some interesting points about fired heater design: 1.    Structural Configurations: Fired heaters come in various shapes and sizes, such as cylindrical, box, cabin, and multi-cell box configurations. Each design serves specific applications and industries. The operation of a fired heater must be monitored carefully due to the large amount of energy normally handled and the potential risks that direct-fired units present. For this reason, these units are built under strict codes and safety standards. Standards API560/ISO13705 & API530 are the best-known standards. 2.    Radiant Tube Coil Configurations: The arrangement of radiant tubes can be vertical, horizontal, helical, or arbor. These configurations impact the efficiency and performance of the heater. One of the most important parameters in heater design is the heat-flux density received by the surface of the tubes in the radiant chamber. Although heater size can be reduced by increasing the radiant heat-flux density, this also will increase the operating temperature of the tube material and reduce its service life. 3.    Burner Arrangements: Burners can be up-fired, down-fired, or wall-fired. Wall-fired burners can further be classified into sidewall, endwall, and multilevel arrangements, each with unique advantages. 4.    NOx Emissions: Modern fired heaters often use Ultra Low NOx Burners (ULNB) to meet stringent emission requirements. These burners employ techniques like internal flue gas recirculation and fuel staging to reduce NOx emissions significantly. 5.    Heat Transfer Mechanisms: Fired heaters utilize both radiation and convection to transfer heat to the process fluid. The design of the radiant and convection sections is critical for optimizing heat transfer efficiency. 6.    Stack & Draft: It is recommended that the stack design create a negative pressure of 1.3mmH2O at the entrance to the convection section. The pressure within the fire box is always below atmospheric. This depression is called draft and is created by the buoyant effect of the hot flue gases in the stack that draws air into the combustion zone. 🗓 Fire up your knowledge by joining next UOP Fired Heater Training 1-3 October in KL, Malaysia. (Contact your UOP Service Manager or Javed Hason for further details.) 🚀 Let’s connect and share our passion for engineering excellence! 🚀 #Engineering #FiredHeaters #Combustion #IndustrialDesign #Innovation #Sustainability

This summer we had the opportunity to have two brilliant students for their internship course. The experience was a unique opportunity to broaden our knowledge in the context of two specific projects: “A Study of thermal leakage in the application of longitudinal baffles for Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers” and “Study of Effective Condensers Avoiding Liquid Accumulation”. The team thanks Mohammad Amin Maddah from University of Tehran and Baran Azimi from Shahid Beheshti University for their dedication and contribution. And here is Mohammad Amin’s reflection on his experience: “My internship at HEET by EIED was an incredibly enriching experience. The environment was warm, collaborative and supportive with every question met thoroughly and thoughtfully. I felt truly welcomed and encouraged to grow. I would like to extend my gratitude to the entire team where their excellent planning allowed me to make the most of this opportunity and also their cooperation and support during the project, helping me understand the thermal aspects of the work, the software tools and all the mechanical requirements. Finally, the experience has been a fantastic learning journey, and I’m truly grateful to have had the opportunity to work with such an amazing team!” Thank you, Baran, thank you Mohammad Amin 🙌.

🎉 HEET has Hit 1,000 Followers! 🎉 We are excited to share that our LinkedIn family has grown to 1,000 strong! This achievement is all thanks to you. We appreciate your support, engagement, and for being part of our journey. Your interactions motivate us to keep providing valuable content and striving for excellence. To continue growing and improving, we’d love to hear from you! What type of content would you like to see more of? Share your thoughts in the comments below or send us a message. Here’s to reaching new heights together! 🚀 #ThankYou #Milestone #1000Followers #Grateful #Community

Overview of Plate Heat Exchanger Gaskets Plate heat exchanger gaskets are crucial for industrial applications, ensuring efficient heat transfer and fluid containment. These gaskets are made from various materials, each offering specific benefits based on operational needs. Among the most commonly used materials are Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), Fluoroelastomer (Viton), Tetrafluoroethylene Propylene Monomer (FEPM), and QP Silastic. Understanding the specific properties of gaskets mentioned above, along with installation and material considerations, allows for informed decisions that enhance the performance and longevity of heat exchanger systems. Different working temperatures and fluid criteria are shown in the picture below. #plateheatexchanger #heatexchanger #gaskets #plate Picture by courtesy of Alfa Laval