Qual é a maneira mais eficiente de extrair níquel de minerais?

Hi, Nickel extraction, is not in my experties, as i am expetriate in Mining Operation management including, Load and haulage Optimization, Drilling and Blasting Operation, Commercial Explosives Manufacturing and application/Distribution, Mining team Operation management. FOr the Nickel Extraction should not difer from other metals, HJydrometalugy or Pyrometric could suit, I would prefer to lean more from the Proccessing engineers on advantages of each type would be good learning for me aswell here

Nickel extraction from minerals is efficiently achieved through methods like pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, or bioleaching, depending on the ore type and its chemical composition. Each method for extracting nickel from minerals has its own advantages and drawbacks. Pyrometallurgy involves high-temperature processes, hydrometallurgy uses chemical solutions, and bioleaching utilizes microorganisms. The choice depends on factors like ore composition, environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency, making it essential to assess each method's suitability for the specific ore type and operational circumstances. Efficiency can vary depending on the specific conditions and desired outcomes.

The pyrometallurgical process is deemed the most efficient. The RKEF process has been successfully designed and developed for the metallization of ferronickel laterites. In my opinion, the process should evolve towards an exclusive metallization process in a rotary kiln, minimizing the reliance on electric furnaces. To achieve this, it is imperative that the reducing agents within the rotary kiln exhibit significantly enhanced effectiveness, ensuring nearly complete metallization within the rotary kiln. Such a transformation would lead to streamlined processes, reduced assets and equipment, consequently resulting in decreased production costs.

Nickel extraction from sulfide ores involves mining, crushing, concentration, smelting, and refining, utilizing high temperatures and electrorefining. Laterite ores follow a hydrometallurgical path, involving mining, crushing, high-pressure acid leaching, solution purification, precipitation, and nickel/cobalt recovery. Considerations for environmental impact, energy efficiency, and economic viability are crucial. Striking a balance between efficiency and sustainability ensures responsible resource utilization in the pursuit of a resilient and eco-friendly nickel industry.

The most common methods for extracting nickel from minerals include: 1. **Pyrometallurgical Processes:** Utilize high temperatures to extract nickel. This includes techniques like smelting, where the ore is heated in a furnace, and then chemical reactions separate the nickel from other elements. 2. **Hydrometallurgical Processes:** Use chemical solutions, such as acids or alkalis, to dissolve the nickel from the mineral. Processes like leaching involve treating the ore with a solution to extract nickel. 3. **Bioleaching:** Employ microorganisms to break down the minerals and extract nickel. This environmentally-friendly method uses bacteria or other organisms to facilitate the extraction process. 4. **Electrorefining:** Employ electroly

The important consideration is cost per metal return. Hydromet is usually at grades around 0.8 to 1.5 % Ni with some Co return, so you need to treat a lot of Ore to get a return. The tailings is +100% of Ore feed around 115% and extremely costly for Hydromet. Pyro is high energy and grades 1.5 to 2.4% so the import factor is the energy costs for the RKEF plant lines.

Depends from mineralogical content of the ore. Oxide ore's (remains few globally), with contnet of Ni less than 1 %, are usually processed with pyrometallugical process, and sulfide ore's due to lower processing cost than oxide ore, nickel is usually get by hydrometallurgical process.

Hydrometallurgical nickel extraction involves processes like Pressure Acid Leaching (PAL), High-Pressure Acid Autoclave Leaching (HPAL), Heap Leaching, Solvent Extraction (SX), Electrowinning (EW), and precipitation methods, depending on ore characteristics and economic factors.

The most common methods for extracting nickel from m 4. **Electrorefining:** Employ electrolysis to purify nickel. Electrorefining involves passing an electric current through a solution containing dissolved nickel, causing the nickel ions to be deposited onto electrodes. The choice of extraction method depends on factors like the type of ore, its composition, environmental considerations, and economic feasibility. Often, a combination of these methods may be used in a multi-stage process to extract nickel efficiently.

Hydrometallurgical process involves using a liquid solvent to extract nickel from other minerals. This method is efficient because it allows for selective dissolution of nickel, leaving behind the unwanted minerals. Additionally, hydrometallurgical process can be done at lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption. It also allows for control and optimization of the extraction process, resulting in higher nickel recovery rates and purity.

Caron process constraints include low nickel recovery, high energy consumption, selectivity to certain ore types, carbon consumption challenges, residue management issues, sensitivity to ore moisture, and operational complexity.

The Caron process is an efficient way to extract nickel from other minerals. It involves heating the mineral with carbon monoxide gas at high temperatures. This process creates a chemical reaction that converts nickel into a soluble form. The soluble form of nickel can then be easily separated and purified. The Caron process is known for its high nickel recovery rates and is commonly used for extracting nickel from low-grade ores and laterite deposits.

Bioleaching for nickel extraction involves using microorganisms to break down nickel ores, releasing nickel into a solution selectively and environmentally friendly. Factors like microbial activity and ore composition influence its efficiency.

leaching is defined as the solubilization of metals from insoluble solid substrates either directly by the metabolism of leaching microbe or indirectly by the products of their metabolism

Actually, bioleaching is an efficient way to extract nickel from other minerals because it involves using microorganisms to break down and dissolve the nickel-containing ores. These microorganisms, typically bacteria or fungi, produce chemicals called metabolites which help in dissolving the nickel. This process is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly, as it eliminates the need for harmful chemicals or high temperatures. Additionally, bioleaching can be conducted in situ, reducing the need for extensive mining operations. Overall, bioleaching offers a sustainable and efficient method for extracting nickel from minerals.

The Direct Nickel (DNi) process is an efficient way to extract nickel from other minerals because it utilizes a unique combination of nitric acid and ammonia to leach and extract the nickel. This process is highly selective and can effectively separate nickel from other elements present in the mineral, resulting in a high-purity nickel product. Additionally, the DNi process can operate at lower temperatures and pressures compared to traditional processes, reducing energy consumption and costs. It is also effective for treating various types of nickel ores, including those with high levels of impurities. Overall, the DNi process offers a more efficient and environmentally friendly approach to extracting nickel from minerals.

In the Direct Nickel Process: 1️⃣ Ore Treatment: The ore undergoes treatment in an atmospheric tank with a reductant and a specially designed reagent, initiating the extraction process. 2️⃣ Nickel Dissolution: Through the reductant, nickel selectively dissolves, entering the solution phase for further processing. 3️⃣ Impurity Removal: Unwanted metals are systematically eliminated from the solution, enhancing the purity of the nickel content. 4️⃣ Recovery: Nickel is reclaimed from the solution utilizing a reduction process, resulting in the production of high-purity nickel metal.

The most efficient way to extract nickel from minerals depends on various factors such as the type of ore, the concentration of nickel in the ore, and the desired purity of the final product. The specific processes to follow for extraction depend on whether the ore is a sulphide or a laterite.

One also needs to consider what impurities come with the ores/concentrates (particularly those that consume acid or which can cause scaling in processes). Feed variability and the impurities contained in ores and concentrates can greatly swing the operating cost, material handling required, wastes generated, and potentially mode of operation. There is no one “best” route - it really depends on many factors as Brenna has noted.

Sulphide nickel ores are typically recovered in a flotation circuit while laterite ores are recovered through pressure oxidation/ acid leaching.

There have been some interesting research on implementing magnetics prior to flotation out of UBC. FPX Nickel has put out information on the proposed flowsheet.

First, we need to analyze the specific nickel ore in question to identify the types and levels of impurities present. Common impurities in nickel ore include: -Iron, Magnesium and silica, Cobalt. Once we know what we're working with, we can go to work separating the nickel minerals from the impurities. The key steps I would recommend are: 1) Crushing and grinding 2) Magnetic separation 3) Froth flotation 4) Re pulping and regrinding 5) Gravity concentration 6) Final concentration So there you have a rough outline of how it's done! Using an integrated approach with multiple physical separation steps tailored to the specific ore and impurities is the key to producing high quality nickel concentrate.