Inferior phrenic artery
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Henry Knipe had no recorded disclosures.
View Henry Knipe's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Yoshi Yu had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Yoshi Yu's current disclosures- Inferior phrenic arteries
- Inferior phrenic artery (IPA)
- Left inferior phrenic artery
- Right inferior phrenic artery
The inferior phrenic arteries (IPAs) are paired branches of the abdominal aorta/coeliac trunk supplying the diaphragm. Their importance lies with the fact that the right inferior phrenic artery is the most common extrahepatic arterial supply of a hepatocellular carcinoma.
Summary
origin: abdominal aorta or coeliac trunk at the level of T12-L2
course: ascends anterolateral to the diaphragmatic crura, medial to the adrenal glands, on the inferior surface of the diaphragm. The left inferior phrenic artery passes posteriorly to the oesophagus then runs anteriorly on the left side of the oesophageal hiatus. The right inferior phrenic artery passes posterior to the inferior vena cava and then runs anteriorly on the right side of the vena caval foramen. Each divides into medial and lateral branches near the posterior border of the central tendon of the diaphragm.
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branches:
medial and lateral phrenic branches
supply: diaphragm, adrenal gland, inferior vena cava, oesophagus, liver (capsule and segments 2, 3, 7, and bare area)
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Variant anatomy
inferior phrenic artery may arise from renal arteries, left gastric artery, hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery or spermatic artery 1,2
Quiz questions
References
- 1. Gwon DI, Ko GY, Yoon HK et-al. Inferior phrenic artery: anatomy, variations, pathologic conditions, and interventional management. Radiographics. 2007;27 (3): 687-705. doi:10.1148/rg.273065036 - Pubmed citation
- 2. Miyayama S, Yamashiro M, Yoshie Y et-al. Inferior phrenic arteries: angiographic anatomy, variations, and catheterization techniques for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Jpn J Radiol. 2010;28 (7): 502-11. doi:10.1007/s11604-010-0456-7 - Pubmed citation
- 3. Pulakunta T, Potu B, Gorantla V et-al. The origin of the inferior phrenic artery: a study in 32 South Indian cadavers with a review of the literature. Jornal Vascular Brasileiro.6 (3): 225-230. doi:10.1590/S1677-54492007000300005
- 4. Renan Uflacker. Atlas of Vascular Anatomy. ISBN: 9780781760812
- 5. Standring S, Gray H (2008). Gray's anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier
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