Neurobiological research on learning assumes that temporal contiguity is essential for
association formation, but what constitutes temporal contiguity has never been specified. We …

Motivation, defined as the energizing of behavior in pursuit of a goal, is a fundamental
element of our interaction with the world and with each other. All animals share motivation to …

Most studies in the neurobiology of learning assume that the underlying learning process is
a pairing–dependent change in synaptic strength that requires repeated experience of …

Learning and timing are related intimately. In classical conditioning, responding in the
presence of a cue reliably paired with a biologically important event is observed in advance …

The negatively accelerated, gradually increasing learning curve is an artifact of group
averaging in several commonly used basic learning paradigms (pigeon autoshaping, delay …

Ambulatory ECG (AECG) is very commonly employed in a variety of clinical contexts to
detect cardiac arrhythmias and/or arrhythmia patterns which are not readily obtained from …

Cognitive deficits are central to schizophrenia, but the underlying mechanisms still remain
unclear. Imaging studies performed in patients point to decreased activity in the mediodorsal …

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is an emerging technology for the treatment of atrial fibrillation
(AF), for which pre-clinical and early-stage clinical data are suggestive of some degree of …

Dopamine has been critically implicated in learning and motivation, although its precise role
remains to be determined. In order to investigate the involvement of dopamine in learning …

A decrease in dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) binding in the striatum is one of the most
common findings in disorders that involve a dysregulation of motivation, including obesity …