與「"author:Tolman E"」相符的使用者個人學術檔案

Elizabeth Tolman

Flatiron Institute
在 ias.edu 的電子郵件地址已通過驗證
被引用 769 次

Cognitive maps in rats and men.

EC Tolman - Psychological review, 1948 - psycnet.apa.org
This paper is devoted to a description of experiments with rats, mostly at the author's
laboratory, and to indicating the significance of these findings on rats for the clinical behavior …

The organism and the causal texture of the environment.

EC Tolman, E Brunswik - Psychological review, 1935 - psycnet.apa.org
The environment of an organism has the character of a complex causal texture in which
certain objects may function as the local representatives of others, either by providing means …

[引言][C] Purposive behavior in animals and men

EC Tolman - 1932 - books.google.com
This book has grown out of an experimental interest in animal learning grafted upon an arm-
chair urge towards speculation. And the result, as might have been expected, is neither a …

There is more than one kind of learning.

EC Tolman - Psychological review, 1949 - psycnet.apa.org
It is held" that the connections or relations that get learned can be separated into at least six
types… 1. Cathexes, 2. Equivalence Beliefs, 3. Field Expectancies, 4. Field-Cognition …

The determiners of behavior at a choice point.

EC Tolman - Psychological review, 1938 - psycnet.apa.org
An analysis of the complex of causal determinants on which a rat's behavior of turning right
or left depends shows them to be divided into" environmental variables," such as …

Introduction and removal of reward, and maze performance in rats.

EC Tolman, CH Honzik - University of California publications in …, 1930 - psycnet.apa.org
Two groups of rats, one which ran the maze with reward, and one which ran the maze
without reward, were tested to determine the influence upon the learning curve of a sudden …

Prediction of vicarious trial and error by means of the schematic sowbug.

EC Tolman - Psychological review, 1939 - psycnet.apa.org
An experiment is described in white-black and white-gray discrimination by rats, in which
considerable" looking-back-and-forth" or vicarious trial-and-error (Muenzinger's …

A new formula for behaviorism.

EC Tolman - Psychological Review, 1922 - psycnet.apa.org
A great deal of modern behaviorism is physiological. It is possible to develop a
nonphysiological behaviorism" capable of covering not merely the results of mental tests …

Overview of the SPARC tokamak

AJ Creely, MJ Greenwald, SB Ballinger… - Journal of Plasma …, 2020 - cambridge.org
The SPARC tokamak is a critical next step towards commercial fusion energy. SPARC is
designed as a high-field () relevant to fusion power plants. SPARC's place in the path to …

Purpose and cognition: the determiners of animal learning.

EC Tolman - Psychological Review, 1925 - psycnet.apa.org
Such terms as" goal-seeking (purpose),"" initial exploratory impulses (initial
cognitive'hunches')," and" final object-adjustments (final cognitions)" may be used …