A while back I had a similar issue with Rocksmith 2014 Re-Mastered.

When you launch Steam, do the following:

Open the Task Manager
Navigate to the Details section
Find Steam.exe and right click on it
Click on "Set Affinity"
Uncheck "All Processors" and then check the first 8 or so "CPU" starting with 0
Click Ok, and then try launching the game.

It should now launch without issue.
Note that if you "Exit" steam, it will reset any affinity changes that were made.