Dutch East India Company

The Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; VOC) was an early megacorporation, founded by a government-directed amalgamation of several rival Dutch trading companies (the so-called voorcompagnieën or pre-companies) in the early 17th century.[9][10] It was originally established, on 20 March 1602, as a chartered company to trade with India and Indianized Southeast Asian countries when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. The VOC was an early multinational/transnational corporation in its modern sense. The Company has been often labelled a trading company (i.e. a company of merchants who buy and sell goods produced by other people) or sometimes a shipping company. However, the VOC was in fact a proto-conglomerate company, diversifying into multiple commercial and industrial activities such as international trade (especially intra-Asian trade),[1][11][12][13][14][15] shipbuilding, both production and trade of East Indian spices,[2] Formosan sugarcane,[3][4] and South African wine.[5][6][7] The Company was a transcontinental employer and an early pioneer of outward foreign direct investment. The Company's investment projects helped raise the commercial and industrial potential of many underdeveloped or undeveloped regions of the world in the early modern period.[f] In the early 1600s, by widely issuing bonds and shares of stock to the general public,[g] the VOC became the world's first formally listed public company.[h] In other words, it was the first corporation to be ever actually listed on an official stock exchange.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The VOC was influential in the rise of corporate-led globalization in the early modern period.

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INFO[en.wikipedia.org]