Biochem123

🔬 Discovering the Power of Interferon! 💪 Interferon is a remarkable protein with immense potential in the world of medicine. Here's why it's making waves: 1️⃣ Immune Warrior: Interferon is a natural defender against viruses, bolstering our immune system's ability to fight off infections. 2️⃣ Antiviral Marvel: It's a potent antiviral agent, disrupting the replication of viruses like hepatitis and HIV. 3️⃣ Cancer Combatant: Interferon therapy has shown promise in treating certain cancers, slowing their growth and enhancing treatment outcomes. 4️⃣ Future Hope: Ongoing research explores its role in autoimmune diseases and as a vital player in the fight against emerging viral threats. 🌟 Interferon, our immune ally in the quest for better health! 🌟 #Interferon #HealthHeroes #ImmuneSystem #MedicalBreakthroughs Learn more below. Follow us on Linkedin for further updates below: Learn more here👉  https://lnkd.in/gDPCnsmD #Biochem123 #biology Lab Easy www.biochem123.org

October 10th. #New #Science from @Xiuyu Lin et al this week. 👉Ineffective recovery from pneumonia can lead to interstitial lung disease characterized by aberrant epithelial cells in #fibrotic regions. 👉Here the authors define #molecular #pathways leading to the development and persistence of epithelial cells expressing keratin 5+ (Krt5+) in the alveolar parenchyma in vivo influenza infection 👉 The receptor for IFN-γ on lung epithelium was essential for the formation of aberrant Krt5+ cells and #fibrotic lung disease. The transcription factor Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) was necessary for persistence of these Krt5+ cells, and IFN-γ activated YAP in lung epithelial cells via JAK, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and Src kinases. These findings establish a targetable pathway underlying some of the #pulmonary #post #acute sequelae of #pneumonia. #Developments #Fibrosis #Pneumonia Follow us here: https://lnkd.in/eUwvQBkX for further details.

October 10th New in Cell Press from authors MJ Peluso et al. Long COVID, a type of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (PASC) defined by medically unexplained symptoms following infection with SARS-CoV-2, is a newly recognized infection-associated chronic condition that causes disability in some people. ✅Substantial progress has been made in defining its epidemiology, biology, and pathophysiology. ✅However, there is no cure for the tens of millions of people believed to be experiencing long COVID, and industry engagement in developing therapeutics has been limited. ✅Prevalence estimates do vary from 6% to 10% as well as definition variance Is it Long COVID or PASC? Do ME/CFS or CSEID bear relevance to this Authors discuss in this review, see below.

The following is a recent #comprehensive #review on orthopoxviruses (#OPXVs) in relation to #monkeypox virus. 🔶 Mpox belongs to the orthopoxviridae genus of dsDNA viruses. 🔵 The distribution of mpox outbreaks consists of two main clades. Clade I and Clade II that are laboratory sequenced in order to ascertain current and future public health risk. In 2022 a Clade IIb public health declaration was announced by the #WHO followed up in August 2024 when clade Ib was confirmed. 🔶 Whilst mpox is a cousin of the variola virus that caused 1960s and 1970s outbreaks of smallpox disease, risk is classified as #low currently. 🔵 Mpox infects it’s host through intradermal, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal routes. The mpox virion forms a very stable and viable fomite outside of its host. Mpox fomites remain viable for 15 days. 🔶 Mpox infection observed phenotypes are similar to other diseases such as meningococcal disease, chickenpox disease (caused by a herpes virus) and syphilis. 🔵 Mpox disease has an incubation period of 2-21 days. Observed symptoms of infection include fever, headache, myalgia, exhaustion, chills, back pain, sore throat, malaise, lesions, rashes and pustules. 🔶Historical MPXV outbreaks are known to have previously affected children prior to clade II isolation necessitating investigation into overall protein mechanisms. #virology #contagion #infectious #spillover #mpox #smallpox The following paper was published with the intention of assisting clinicians and scientists with #investigation and #diagnosis, but is also a comprehensive analysis of proteins useful to #academic #scientists based on factual analysis of current research based on evolution of research on the OPXV proteins over the timeframe of 50 years since decreases in #VARV incidence and eradication

Induction of #commensal-specific #immunity contributes to tissue homeostasis, yet the mechanisms underlying induction of commensal-specific B cells remain poorly understood in part due to a lack of tools to identify these cells. 👉Using phage display, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) antigens were identified targeted by serum and intestinal antibodies and generated B cell tetramers to track SFB-specific B cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. 👉 a compartmentalized response in SFB-specific B cell activation, with a gradient of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG1, and IgG2b isotype production along Peyer’s patches 👉contrasted by selective production of IgG2b within mesenteric lymph nodes. V(D)J sequencing and monoclonal antibody generation identified somatic hypermutation driven affinity maturation to SFB antigens under homeostatic conditions. 👉Combining #phage display and B cell tetramers will enable investigation of the ontogeny and function of commensal-specific B cell responses in tissue immunity, #inflammation, and #repair.

My most recent update Tuesday 30th April Published last week in Exploration of Immunology after 1 year of research, here we investigate the unknowns of hashtag #Ebola hashtag #virus hashtag #immunology since inception. 💡Here we document the overall immune cell characterisation since Ebola isolation in the 1970s largely unknown back then until advances in laboratory and technological development this century. 👉Considered are each of the immune cell phenotypes currently known and investigated in laboratories over the space of 50 years. Check it out here: https://lnkd.in/e7NR7usU Images designed by myself with parts of the figures thanks to SIB: Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics from viralzone and also smartservier, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported license and edited with the co-authors.

Tuesday 2nd April 2024 New last week in #molecular #oncology #journal in #cell Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered #natural #killer (#NK) cells are a promising #immunotherapy for #solid #cancers; however, their effectiveness against #pancreatic cancer is limited by the #immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (#TME) 👉 Hurdles remaining include low NK cell infiltration reducing cytotoxicity. 👉The current study aimed to enhance the tumor-homing capacity of CAR-NK cells by targeting the chemokine-chemokine receptor axis between NK and pancreatic cancer cells. 👉 To this end, data were analyzed to find: 👉 Pancreatic cancer cells were found to secrete high levels of #ligands for C-X-C motif receptor 1 (CXCR1) and CXCR2. 👉 Used to generate anti-mesothelin CAR-NK cells incorporating CXCR1 or CXCR2 and evaluate their tumour-killing abilities in #2D cell co-culture and #3D tumour-mimetic #organoid models. 👉They concluded that CAR-NK cells engineered with CXCR2 demonstrated enhanced tumor-killing and strong infiltration of tumor sites and that improving infiltration and tumor-killing capabilities have the potential to overcome the challenges posed by the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, providing improved #therapeutic outcomes. Well worth a read. Follow us here for latest details https://lnkd.in/gDPCnsmD

Tuesday 2nd April 2924 The presence of #autoreactive #antibodies is a hallmark of many autoimmune diseases. The #effector functions of (auto)antibodies are determined by their #constant #domain, which defines the antibody isotype and subclass. The most prevalent isotype in serum is IgG, which is often the only isotype used in diagnostic testing. Nevertheless, autoantibody responses can have their own unique isotype/subclass profile. 👉It was reported that 9.5% of the world’s population was affected by T1D, in which the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas (. Insulin, produced by the pancreas plays a crucial role in blood sugar regulation. 👉 Despite substantial variation between (and within) autoantibody responses, this unprecedented comparison shows that autoantibodies share distinctive isotype patterns across different diseases. 👉Although most autoantibody responses are dominated by IgG (and mainly IgG1), several specific diseases are characterized by a predominance of IgG4. In other diseases, IgE plays a key role. Importantly, shared features of autoantibody isotype/subclass profiles are seen in clinically unrelated diseases, suggesting potentially common trajectories in response evolution, disease pathogenesis, and treatment response. Isotypes beyond IgG are scarcely investigated in many autoantibody responses, leaving substantial gaps in our understanding of the #pathophysiology of #autoimmune (#AI) diseases. 👉However in this article current autoantibodies are summarised further #autoantibodies #immunology