Irving Berlin

Irving Berlin (born May 11, 1888, Tyumen, Russia—died September 22, 1989, New York, New York, U.S.) was an American composer and songwriter who played a leading role in the evolution of the popular song from the early ragtime and jazz eras through the golden age of musicals. His easy mastery of a wide range of song styles, for both stage and motion pictures, made him one of the greatest and most enduring of American songwriters.

Early life and first songs

Irving Berlin was born Israel Baline, most likely in Tyumen, a city in Siberia. (In a memoir, his daughter explains that Mogilyov, which is today in Belarus, appears as Berlin’s birthplace on several government documents, though later in life he learned he was from Siberia.) His family immigrated to New York City in 1893. His father, a Jewish cantor, died when the boy was eight years old.

Having obtained only two years of formal education, he worked as a street singer and a singing waiter in New York’s Lower East Side. He began writing song lyrics, and his first published song, “Marie from Sunny Italy,” appeared in 1907; a printer’s error on this song named him Irving Berlin, a surname that he subsequently kept.

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Berlin continued his writing and within a few years was a successful “song plugger,” demonstrating new tunes. He was unable to read or write musical notation and learned music by ear instead. He began writing his own music as well as lyrics, and in 1911 he wrote what quickly became the preeminent hit of Tin Pan Alley’s ragtime vogue, “Alexander’s Ragtime Band.”

His first ballad, “When I Lost You,” was written in 1912. Then he began contributing to numerous Broadway revues and musical entertainments, including Florenz Ziegfeld’s Follies. In 1919 he founded the Irving Berlin Music Corporation to publish his own music.

Scores for stage and screen

Through the following decades Berlin wrote the scores for several musicals, one of his most popular being Annie Get Your Gun (1946); it was released as a film, directed by George Sidney, in 1950. Berlin wrote more than 800 songs, many of which became standards of the Great American Songbook, including “Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning,” “A Pretty Girl Is like a Melody,” “Always” (written in 1925 as a wedding present for his second wife), “Remember,” “ Cheek to Cheek,” “How Deep Is the Ocean,” “Blue Skies,” “Puttin’ on the Ritz,” the patriotic standard “God Bless America,” “Heat Wave,” and “There’s No Business like Show Business.”

In the era of big motion-picture musicals, Berlin was able to transfer his stage success to the screen, writing the scores for many successful films, including Top Hat (1935), Follow the Fleet (1936), Easter Parade (1948), Call Me Madam (1953), and White Christmas (1954). His score for the film Holiday Inn (1942) introduced the touching ballad “White Christmas,” which became one of the most popular songs ever recorded.

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Altogether, Berlin wrote the scores for 19 Broadway shows and 18 motion pictures.