Joel Barlow
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
- Born:
- March 24, 1754, Redding, Connecticut [U.S.]
- Died:
- December 24, 1812, Żarnowiec, Poland (aged 58)
- Notable Works:
- “Hasty Pudding”
- “The Columbiad”
- Movement / Style:
- Hartford wits
Joel Barlow (born March 24, 1754, Redding, Connecticut [U.S.]—died December 24, 1812, Żarnowiec, Poland) was a public official, poet, and author of the mock-heroic poem The Hasty Pudding.
A graduate of Yale, he was a chaplain for three years in the Revolutionary Army. In July 1784 he established at Hartford, Connecticut, a weekly paper, the American Mercury. In 1786 he was admitted to the bar. Along with John Trumbull and Timothy Dwight, he was a member of the group of young writers, known as the Connecticut, or Hartford, Wits, whose patriotism led them to attempt to create a national literature. Barlow’s Vision of Columbus (1787), a poetic paean to America in nine books, brought the author immediate fame.
In 1788 Barlow went to France as the agent of the Scioto Land Company and induced the company of Frenchmen who ultimately founded Gallipolis, Ohio, to emigrate to America. In Paris he became a liberal in religion and an advanced republican in politics. In England he published various radical essays, including Advice to the Privileged Orders (1792), proscribed by the British government. In 1792 he was made a French citizen. Thomas Paine had become his friend in England, and during Paine’s imprisonment in Paris Barlow effected the publication of The Age of Reason.
In 1795–97 he was sent to Algiers to secure a release of U.S. prisoners and to negotiate treaties with Tripoli, Algiers, and Tunis. He returned to the United States in 1805 and lived near Washington, D.C., until 1811, when he became U.S. plenipotentiary to France. He became involved in Napoleon’s retreat from Russia and died in Poland of exposure.
In addition to religious verse and political writings, Barlow published an enlarged edition of his Vision of Columbus entitled The Columbiad (1807), considered by some to be more mature than the original but also more pretentious. His literary reputation now rests primarily on The Hasty Pudding (1796), which has appeared in many anthologies. A pleasant and humorous mock epic inspired by homesickness for New England and cornmeal mush, it contains vivid descriptions of rural scenes.