Stella Dallas, The Citadel, and Duel in the Sun

Vidor then helmed one of his best-remembered efforts, Stella Dallas (1937), an adaptation of Olive Higgins Prouty’s novel. Barbara Stanwyck essayed the role of a working-class mother who sacrifices her own happiness for that of her class-conscious daughter (Anne Shirley); both actresses were nominated for Oscars. Nearly as popular was Vidor’s 1938 adaptation of A.J. Cronin’s novel The Citadel, with Robert Donat as a once-idealistic doctor seduced by fame and wealth, despite the pleas of his wife (Rosalind Russell). Its outstanding cast also boasted Rex Harrison and Ralph Richardson, and Vidor earned his fourth Academy Award nomination for director.

Although he was not credited with any releases in 1939, Vidor had a hand in The Wizard of Oz, shooting a few of the black-and-white scenes when Victor Fleming was ill. Vidor was then entrusted with two of MGM’s most prestigious productions of 1940. Northwest Passage was a rousing adaptation of Kenneth Roberts’s best seller about Rogers’s Rangers, an 18th-century militia headed by Robert Rogers. The strong cast included Spencer Tracy, Robert Young, and Walter Brennan; W.S. Van Dyke and Jack Conway also filmed some scenes, but their work was not credited. Later that year came Comrade X, a strained romantic comedy that starred Clark Gable and Hedy Lamarr; it bore more than a passing resemblance to Ernst Lubitsch’s Ninotchka, a hit for MGM a few months earlier. Northwest Passage and Comrade X would be Vidor’s last box-office successes for more than six years.

One of Vidor’s great strengths to this point had been his ability to effectively adapt popular fiction for the screen. In 1941 he helmed H.M. Pulham, Esq., from a John P. Marquand story about a wealthy Bostonian (Robert Young) who, tired of his respectable but dull life, reconnects with a former love interest (Lamarr). The bittersweet film also boasted a strong script by King and his third wife, Elizabeth Hill, but its box office was weak. Vidor then submerged himself for the next three years in writing, producing, and directing An American Romance (1944), an ambitious, expensive epic about a steelworker (Brian Donlevy) who rises beyond his class to become a leader of industry. However, it was met with indifference by wartime moviegoers. As with Our Daily Bread, Vidor’s decision to bypass bankable stars in favour of lesser-known actors likely compromised the film’s chances. In addition, MGM made further cuts to the movie, which played a role in the director’s ending his long association with the studio.

But if he had temporarily lost his way in Hollywood’s commercial mainstream, Vidor returned with one of the decade’s most controversial projects, David O. Selznick’s epic melodrama Duel in the Sun (1946). Selznick was desperate to re-create the national excitement that Gone with the Wind (1939) had enjoyed, and he also wanted a spectacular showcase for Jennifer Jones, his future wife. The western was begun in 1944 and completed 20 months later, though Vidor quit two days before the final wrap because of tensions with Selznick, who continually revised the script and hired a number of directors to reshoot Vidor’s work; a partial list included Josef von Sternberg, William Dieterle, and William Cameron Menzies. Jones had her limitations as an actress, but she was more than adequate as the tempestuous Pearl, who makes life miserable both for herself and for the two brothers (Joseph Cotten and Gregory Peck) who desire her. A monument to Selznick’s ego and censored in several major cities, Duel in the Sun was still one of the year’s biggest hits.

On Our Merry Way (1948), codirected with Leslie Fenton (John Huston and George Stevens were uncredited), had a cloying premise: Burgess Meredith played a reporter interviewing people about how a child has influenced their lives. Despite an all-star cast that included James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Dorothy Lamour, and Paulette Goddard, the film was a disappointment. Beyond the Forest (1949) was somewhat better, though primarily enjoyable for Bette Davis’s over-the-top portrayal of a small-town married woman who is in love with another man. The Fountainhead (1949) was prestigious enough, but somehow Ayn Rand’s best-selling novel (which she adapted herself) resisted Vidor’s attempts to translate it to the screen. A less-than-dynamic Cooper as the driven, brilliant architect Howard Roark was part of the problem, and even a good turn by Patricia Neal as Dominique Francon, his mistress, was not enough to make the film a success.

Later films

Vidor’s decline was evidenced by the next projects he undertook. Lightning Strikes Twice (1951), a murder melodrama with Ruth Roman and Richard Todd, and Japanese War Bride (1952) were the sort of near B-films that would have been inconceivable for someone of his stature a decade earlier. Vidor had more success with Ruby Gentry (1952), a melodrama that starred Jones as a Southern vixen who marries a wealthy man (Karl Malden) but has an eye for a former boyfriend (Charlton Heston). Vidor then waited three years for his next feature film, which turned out to be the modest (although enjoyable) Kirk Douglas western Man Without a Star (1955).

Perhaps tired of expending his efforts on such lightweight fodder, Vidor signed on to direct nothing less than one of the world’s great works of literature. But his three-and-a-half-hour version of Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace failed to find an audience when it was released in 1956, a victim of uneven acting—although Audrey Hepburn gave a notable performance, a visibly uncomfortable Fonda was miscast—and eight screenwriters (one of whom was Vidor). Even so, Vidor received an Academy Award nomination for best direction, although the battle scenes, arguably the film’s best parts, were actually directed by Mario Soldati.

Vidor’s last feature was Solomon and Sheba (1959), an entry in the biblical-epic genre that was then popular. Tyrone Power died of a heart attack during filming and was replaced by Yul Brynner, who refilmed the extant footage. The result was quite acceptable, but the film was overshadowed by Ben-Hur (1959). Vidor subsequently retired from directing, though he later taught. In 1979 he was given an honorary Oscar for “his incomparable achievements as a cinematic creator and innovator.” Vidor’s autobiography, A Tree Is a Tree, was published in 1953.