A scene often changes radically between first conception in the writer's mind and its final publication or public airing. We've charted this in movie situations for Hellraiser and Nightbreed (see the Films index) where the melting pot of collaborative effort is especially significant. Here though, in the sequence below, we've charted the progress from printed words to a graphic novelisation, using a 'classic' scene from Clive's seminal Books of Blood story, Son of Celluloid...
Son of Celluloid first appeared in Volume 3 of Clive Barker's Books of Blood, written in 1983 and published in the UK in 1984 and the US in 1986. Along with other graphic tales of horror within the covers of these debut volumes, Son of Celluloid glorified in illustrating Barker's unapologetic imagination and established the author as one who was unafraid to deal with subjects that others treated as taboo. Son of Celluloid centred on the disease of cancer and had it act through several icons of the silver screen...
In the story, Sonny Barberio's cancer has grown through the absorption of attention and love granted the players projected onto the screen of the Movie Palace cinema behind which the escaped convict's otherwise lifeless body resides. Manifesting itself first as John Wayne and then as Marilyn Monroe, the cancer now seeks a more physical interaction. 'Marilyn' has already despatched the hapless cinemagoer Dean, before moving in on the cancer's next intended victim, Ricky...
She'd run into a cul-de-sac. There was no way out from this end of the cinema, and judging by the come-ons she was giving him,
she knew it. She turned and flattened herseif against the wall, feet spread out a little.
He was within a couple of yards of her when a breeze out of nowhere billowed her skirt up around her waist. She laughed,
half closing her eyes, as the surf of silk rose and exposed her. She was naked underneath.
Ricky reached for her again and this time she didn't avoid his touch. The dress billowed up a little higher and he stared, fixated,
at the part of Marilyn he had never seen, the fur divide that had been the dream of millions.
There was blood there. Not much, a few fingermarks on her inner thighs. The faultless gloss of her flesh was spoiled slightly. Still
he stared; and the lips parted a little as she moved her hips, and he realized the glint of wetness in her interior was not the juice of
her body, but something else altogether. As her muscles moved the bloody eyes she'd buried in her body shifted, and came to
rest on him.
She knew by the look on his face that she hadn't hidden them deep enough, but where was a girl with barely a veil of cloth
covering her nakedness to hide the fruits of her labour?
"You killed him," said Ricky, still looking at the lips, and the eyes that peeked out between. The image was so engrossing,
so pristine, it all but cancelled out the horror in his belly. Perversely, his disgust fed his lust instead of killing it. So what if she
was a murderer: she was legend.
"Love me," she said. "Love me forever."
Son of Celluloid, from Books of Blood Volume 3 - 1984
"Looking back, I think Volume I contains the most accessible stories. Volume III contains the more problematic stuff. 'Son Of Celluloid' is a good fun tale, but it's highly weird. 'Human Remains' is also weird, and it's one of my favourite stories, but none of them are impenetrable. Many of the deeper undertones that are reflected in Volumes 4, 5 and 6 are presaged in Volume III, so there's a sense in Volume III that we're moving away from hack 'n' slash into more off-the-wall areas."
Meet Clive Barker
By Philip Nutman & Stefan Jaworzyn, Fangoria, No 51, January 1986
"The second 3 books, in my absolutely unbiased opinion, are much better than the first 3. Much denser, much richer, much more confident, much more paradoxical, and on one level, much, much more vicious. There's a lot more 'celebration' in the second 3 books. There are stories in these volumes which separate the sheep from the goats, and 'Son of Celluloid' is one of them. There are people who are totally unsympathetic to that particular story. I don't think of 'In the Hills, the Cities' or 'Jacqueline Ess' as strictly a horror story. I mean there are out and out, unapologetic horror stories in there: 'The Midnight Meat Train' and 'Rawhead Rex' and 'Pornographer's Shroud' and so on. But there are stories there which are just... just stories of imagining of one kind or another."
Catching Up With Clive Barker (as "Horror In Print: Clive Barker")
By Stanley Wiater, Fangoria, No 55, June 1986
"I did a story called 'Son of Celluloid', I guess in the Volume 3 of 'The Books of Blood' which is about a cancer which does movie star impersonations in an old cinema. And it turned on the possibilities, of one point at which this cancer which walks and talks and does Dumbo, Astaire and a great Monroe and a wonderful John Wayne, says I am a dreaming disease, no wonder I love the movies. So I guess that would be the cinematic equivalent [of the quote, 'Everyone's a book of blood; whenever we're opened we're red.'] I guess going to the movies is a dreaming disease, right?"
Clive Barker : What Makes Him Tick
By Tim Caldwell, Film Threat, No 19, 1989
Marilyn's chosen hiding place for Dean's eyes drew on an erotic classic, Bataille's Story of the Eye...
"Absolutely, of course! And isn't that a great book? Extraordinary. Now I don't think many people in America know about Bataille's work. I mean I assume he's as obscure in America as he is here in England. Most of his stuff isn't even translated."
Clive Barker : What Makes Him Tick
By Tim Caldwell, Film Threat, No 19, 1989
Clive had a three-picture deal with Morgan Creek back in 1988 which was intended to cover an adaptation of Son of Celluloid as well as both Nightbreed and a planned Nightbreed sequel.
"Certainly from our company [Film Futures] will come at least one movie based on the new novel Cabal, maybe two, and an adaptation of Son of Celluloid, which will be very outrageous."
Chains of Love
By Mark Salisbury Fear, No 3, December 1988
A script adaptation was duly completed by Scott Gilmore in June 1988 - from which the Marilyn Monroe sequence above was notably absent, although the cancer's prediliction for the eyes of its victims remained central... The subject matter of Son of Celluloid, however, made for difficult conversations with the money-men...
"I pitched a few of my stories to Columbia Pictures a few years back. They obviously hadn't heard of them but liked the sound of one called Son of Celluloid. 'That's a fun title,' they said, 'what's it about?' And I just said, 'It's about a cancer that does impressions of movie stars...' Their faces hit the floor. Wham! And suddenly I wasn't so welcome in their offices any more."
Barking Mad
By Matthew Hopkins, Video World, June 1990
As it turned out, Nightbreed's disappointing box-office reception led to the abandonment of the three-picture deal and Son of Celluloid never made it past screenplay stage.
Unconstrained by the sheer cost of filming a movie, the 'comics' adaptations of many of Barker's Books of Blood were
more successful. Arcane and Eclipse produced an eventual five volumes of Tapping the Vein, together
with standalone adaptations of Rawhead Rex, Dread, The Life of Death, Revelations, Son of Celluloid and The Yattering and Jack - all
these appearing in a concerted period between 1989 and 1994.
Steve Niles adapted several stories as graphic novels, including Down Satan, New Murders in the Rue Morgue and Revelations (as well as editing the Illustrator coffee table book of Barker's art and
overseeing the publication of lithos of the Books of Blood covers) and would extend the successful
collaboration that he was to enjoy with English artist Les Edwards on Son of Celluloid with a second joint effort
on Rawhead Rex the following year.
With the 'Marilyn Monroe' and Ricky scene, unlike the movie adaptation,
there was to be no holding back from the short story's graphic imagery...
Adaptation by Steve Niles, 1990
Edwards made initial sketches in the margins and facing pages of the script that he'd been sent, mapping out panels and layouts ahead of taking out his paints. Expanding several of the panels in the script to each be two separate panels, the artist sketched out an initial ten-panel page for the scene...
Staying with this basic layout, but refining it down to eight panels, Edwards painted the final artwork in acrylics on a 16.5 x 22 inches ivory board. This is shown below with the published version including Steve Niles's captions.
"The combination of grim imagery and blatant Technicolor glamour which is so much a part of the original story is very much
intact in this rendering. This is a very difficult story to adapt, because it requires a full and thorough knowledge of movie devices as
well as comic book devices. I think that the skill with which Les Edwards and Steve Niles have applied those devices is brilliantly on
target and immensely entertaining.
"Son of Celluloid is a wonderful compendium of movie genre quotes and little in-jokes. It's something you want to go back to a
second and third time to find the things Les has buried in the frames. The little portraits, asides, and witticisms he's hidden in
his paintings make this a rewarding read even on the second or third time."
Introduction: Son Of Celluloid
By Clive Barker, introduction in hardback Son Of Celluloid graphic novel (written in Hollywood, 1992)
See more original artwork from Son of Celluloid at Les Edwards's site where you can also buy originals and prints of Les's outstanding (and multi-award-winning) work.With thanks to Val and Les Edwards.