Last modified: 2024-09-07 by martin karner
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Description of the flag
Per pale argent and gules; 1: a bishop's crosier countercoloured; 2: three bars argent.
Divided vertically into equal parts white (hoist) and red (fly). In
the hoist is a red bishop's crosier with crook turned toward the
staff, and in the fly three horizontal white bands. A frequent error
shows black fimbriation on the palar line as well as outlining the
crosier and separating the stripes.
T.F. Mills, 5 November 1997
Symbolism of the flag
The red and white colours and the bishop's crozier symbolise the
bishopric of Basel which had jurisdiction over Jura from the 14th
century to 1815. The seven stripes in the fly represent the
districts of Jura, and since only three voted to join the new canton,
the three white ones came to represent Porrentruy, Delémont,
and Franches-Montagnes.
T.F. Mills, 5 November 1997
The flag of Jura canton has seven stripes, representing the seven
districts which were recognized as the Jurassian people by the Bernese
constitution in 1950. Those were: Porrentruy, Delémont, Franches-Montagnes,
Moutier, Courtelary, La Neuveville and Laufen.
[Laufen was not meant to become part of the new canton; see comment from 5 February 1998 below.]
Pascal Monney, 5 February 1998
History of the flag
From 1815 the districts of Jura were in the northern French border
region of Canton of Bern. A separatist movement emerged in the
1940s, and heraldic artist Paul Boesch designed its flag in 1943. In
1951 the Bernese Council officially sanctioned the emblem as a
regional flag, but this did not defuse the separatist struggle. In
1978 a Swiss national referendum approved the creation of a new
canton, but only three of the seven Jura districts voted to secede
into the Canton of Jura which took effect on 1 January 1979. One
(Laufen) voted to join Basel-Land instead, and three others (Courtelary,
La Neuveville, and Moutier) elected to remain in Bern. Separatists
continue to agitate for the restoration of the unity of all seven
districts in the new Canton.
The admission of Jura to the Swiss Confederation in 1979 placed the
total number of cantons at the current twenty-three (not counting
three half-cantons of Appenzell, Basel and Unterwalden).
Half-cantons are equal to full cantons in all respects except that
they each have their own autonomous cantonal government and send
one delegate instead of two to the Council of States (equivalent to
the U.S. Senate).
T.F. Mills, 5 November 1997
It is known as the "historic Jura", which is not correct as it was
bigger in fact, enclosing about 7 centuries the city of Biel/Bienne
(one of the five official bilingual cities in Switzerland –
Fribourg,
Morat, Sion
and Sierre), and two other small entities Birseck and three
exclaves in the current German
Baden-Württemberg
(villages of Schliengen, Istein and Binzen).
But the separatist movement which led to the creation of the Canton of
Jura was "linguistically" orientated through its leader Roland Béguelin
whose admiration for France had no limits. So, they didn't want to
include the German speaking district of Laufen, which became part of
Baselland canton on 1 January 1994 [see also Laufental separatist flag].
The struggle for the creation was hard and two people where killed.
It seems for many to be very few, but in regard to Switzerland's
stability and democracy it's just incredible! Only the three northern
districts became the Jura canton, but they kept the old flag.
The hope for the return of the southern part are in a good move, as
in 1994, a federally commended commission edited a report on the solution
for the "Jurassian Question" as known here, and it was unanimously the
creation of a new canton of 6 districts (Laufen could choose its own
way, which was not with Jura). The Bernese government refused right away,
but today there are talks to find solutions and the populations
understanding is changing. The main southern Jurassian city will organise
a plebiscite this year to became part of Jura. It will not be recognised
by the Bernese government, unless there is a good participation.
The Bernese loyalists use in their newspaper another flag to represent
Jura. It has only three stripes (two red and one white).
Pascal Monney, 5 February 1998
The city of Moutier organized a plebiscite in November 1998, but unexpectedly, the voters
refused by 41 votes to become part of Jura. However, public opinion in the southern part is
evolving and the Interjurassian Assembly (which is formed by 24 people from both northern and southern Jura) and
which has the mandate to find a resolution to the situation has defined three solutions. The first is the
status quo, the second is the creation of a new canton of Jura with this time the 6 French districts, and
the last is a greater canton together with Neuchâtel and both Juras. This assembly is charged with
determining the best solution, to be chosen this year.
Pascal Prince, 23 January 2000
There are discussions with the Interjurassian Assembly to create a new
"half-canton" of Southern or Bernese Jura and "downsize" the actual
Canton of Jura to be the second half.
Pascal Prince, 24 August 2007
Jura split from Bern in 1979 as Switzerland's newest (26th) canton, and here, too, there is half-canton
controversy since the Protestant districts remained with Bern. There has been talk since 1994 of those
districts seceding into another Jura half-canton (I don't know if there have been any flag proposals for
that). In 2021, the town of Moutier voted to secede from Bern and join Jura, and this is expected to be
enacted by 2026.
T.F. Mills, 11 January 2023
In 2012 the governments of the cantons Jura and Bern signed a declaration of intent in which they
reaffirmed their common will to find an institutional solution to the Jura issue. This was followed in 2013
by a vote in the Canton of Jura and in the Bernese Jura. The majority in the Canton of Jura was in favor
of the creation of a unified canton, the majority in the Bernese Jura was in favor of remaining in the
Canton of Bern. Communes who wished to hold a separate vote were allowed to do this. Thus the communes of
Moutier, Sorvilier and Belprahon
had another vote. Of those three only Moutier decided in 2017/2021 to move to the canton of Jura.
On 10 November 2017 the Inter-Jurassian Assembly (Assemblée interjurassienne) was dissolved because it had
served its purpose. Today the Jura controversy is officially considered solved. No one knows what future
generations will do, there could be new controversies if growing parts of the Bernese Jura will change
their mind and have intentions to unite with the north.
I have never seen any flag proposals for a South Jurassian half-canton. The idea of a southern half-canton
never really caught on, that's why there was possibly never a flag proposal.
Martin Karner, 11 January 2023
[Photo of carnival parade 1948 in Cornol,
today Jura canton. It was one of the first public events where the Jura separatist movement presented
itself. The Jura flag, here on the tank dummy, had been created in the year before by Paul Boesch
(source). –
Coat of arms of Jura canton on the cupola of the national
parliament building in Bern, added in 1978 as 26th member of the Swiss Confederation
(source)]
image
located by Martin Karner
Simple rectangular cantonal flag, as shown in Mader (1942) (So-called
colour flag [Farbenfahne in German].
The flag image was taken from BL, which has identical colours).
Martin Karner
See also: STATE COLOURS in Dictionary of Vexillology
Flaggen, Knatterfahnen and Livery Colours |
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Flaggen are vertically hoisted from a crossbar in the manner of gonfanon, in ratio of about 2:9, with a swallowtail that indents about 2 units. The chief, or hoist (square part) usually incorporates the design from the coat of arms – not from the flag. The fly part is always divided lengthwise, usually in a bicolour, triband or tricolour pattern (except Schwyz which is monocolour, and Glarus which has four stripes of unequal width). The colours chosen for the fly end are usually the main colours of the coat of arms, but the choice is not always straight forward.
Knatterfahnen are similar to Flaggen, but hoisted from the long side and have no swallow
tail. They normally show the national, cantonal or communal flag in their chiefs.
Željko Heimer, 16 July 2000
See also: HANGING FLAG, VERTICALLY HOISTED FLAG, LIVERY COLOURS in Dictionary of Vexillology
At the beginning of the 20th century, flamed flags were still in use, with the white cross replaced by
a (baroque) shield in the centre of the flag. These decorative flags had been used until WWII and then
somewhat forgotten in preference of the current cantonal flags. [Today they are being
produced again, see image]
Pascal Gross, 30 June 2002
See also: National flag and other cantonal flags with "Early 20th century flag design"
Modern flamed flags
FLAMMES in Dictionary of Vexillology