We live in a world where we are constantly connected to the internet. Every device we own is connected, from your phone to your fridge, and even your car – and each one is a potential target for cyberattacks. As our reliance on technology grows, so does the need for robust cyber security measures. Cyber threats are evolving at breakneck speed, and the demand for skilled cyber security professionals is skyrocketing. If you're interested in a career in cyber security or looking to advance your current position, understanding the future landscape of this field is essential. 

Over the next few years, we can expect significant changes and exciting developments in the cyber security sector. From advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning to the increased reliance on cloud services and the Internet of Things (IoT), the cyber security landscape is rapidly evolving. These changes will bring about new job roles, require new skills, and create opportunities for those prepared to meet these challenges. 

In this article, we explore the future of cyber security jobs, taking a look at the emerging trends, evolving roles, and the skills and qualifications that will be in demand. 

The cyber security job landscape today 

Cyber security is increasingly becoming a cornerstone of our daily lives and business operations. With every click, swipe, and data transfer, there's a need for robust security measures to protect against a growing array of cyber threats. Cyber security professionals are highly in demand and must work tirelessly behind the scenes to safeguard our information, protect critical infrastructure, and ensure the smooth operation of countless online services. The cyber security landscape is vast and varied, covering everything from preventing data breaches to defending against sophisticated malware attacks. With cyber threats becoming more frequent and complex, the demand for cyber security experts has surged dramatically. 

The numbers tell a compelling story. According to (ISC)², a membership association for cyber security professionals, as of 2020 the global cyber security workforce needed to grow by 145% to meet the demand for skilled professionals and fill the talent gap. Now, in 2024, there is an estimated gap of 3.5 million. This talent shortage presents a unique opportunity for those entering the cyber security field. Cyber security professionals enjoy competitive salaries, with some entry-level salaries even commanding as much as $100,000. A median figure for information security analysts in the industry was presented at $120,360 in 2023, with employment for this role expected to grow by 32% in the next ten years. 

Despite the high demand for cyber security talent, there is a significant skills gap. Many organisations struggle to find qualified candidates with the right mix of technical know-how and practical experience. This gap is partly due to the rapidly evolving nature of cyber threats, which requires professionals to continuously update their skills and knowledge, but is also a reflection of the growing need for specialised expertise in areas like cloud security, mobile security, and IoT security. 

Cyber security professionals face numerous challenges in their day-to-day roles. One such challenge is that they must stay ahead of cybercriminals who are constantly developing new tactics and techniques. This requires continuous investment into learning and adaptation. The increasing complexity of IT environments, with the integration of cloud services and IoT devices, adds yet more layers of difficulty to a cyber security professional’s tasks. Regulatory compliance and data privacy laws further complicate the landscape, requiring professionals to not only secure systems but also ensure they adhere to legal standards. 

The current state of cyber security jobs is marked by high demand, competitive salaries, and a significant skills gap. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the need for skilled cyber security professionals will only grow. This presents both a challenge and an opportunity for those in the field or considering entering it. By staying informed about industry trends and continually upgrading their skills, cyber security professionals can position themselves for success in this dynamic and critical industry. 

Emerging trends in cyber security 

As we look ahead, several key trends are set to reshape the cyber security landscape. Staying ahead of these trends will be crucial for professionals who want to remain relevant and effective in their roles. Here are some of the most significant emerging trends in cyber security:

• Automation and AI – one of the most transformative trends in cyber security is the rise of automation and artificial intelligence. These technologies have become essential tools for identifying and responding to threats more quickly and accurately. AI can analyse vast amounts of data to detect patterns and anomalies that might indicate a cyberattack, often before human analysts can spot them. Automation can then take over routine tasks, freeing up cyber security professionals to focus on more complex issues. AI is becoming a great companion for security analyst with regards to data processing, but incident triage and investigation does require human intuition and problem-solving skills. 
   
  While AI and automation offer many benefits, they also present challenges. For instance, cybercriminals are also using AI to develop more sophisticated attacks. As mentioned previously, this is just one reason that cyber security experts must continuously update their skills and knowledge to stay one step ahead. 
   

• Cloud Security – as more businesses migrate to cloud-based services, cloud security is also becoming increasingly important. While the cloud offers convenience and flexibility, it also comes with unique security challenges, such as data breaches, account hijacking, and insecure interfaces. Cyber security professionals must develop expertise in cloud security to protect sensitive data and ensure the integrity of cloud infrastructures. 
   
  Cloud security also involves managing shared responsibility between cloud service providers and clients. Professionals must understand the boundaries of these responsibilities to effectively secure cloud environments. 
   

• IoT Security – the Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected devices, from smart home gadgets to industrial machinery. While IoT devices offer significant benefits in terms of efficiency and convenience, they also open up new avenues for cyberattacks. Many IoT devices have weak security features, making them easy targets for hackers. 
   
  Securing IoT devices requires a multi-faceted approach, including robust authentication methods, regular software updates, and comprehensive monitoring. Cyber security professionals will need to stay vigilant and creative in addressing the vulnerabilities associated with IoT. 
   

• Zero Trust Security – the Zero Trust security model is gaining traction as a more effective way to protect networks. Unlike traditional security models that assume everything inside the network is trustworthy, Zero Trust operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify." This means that every attempt to access network resources is treated as a potential threat and must be verified before access is granted.  
   
  Implementing a Zero Trust architecture involves continuous monitoring, strong identity verification, and strict access controls. Cyber security professionals will need to familiarize themselves with these concepts and technologies to effectively implement and manage Zero Trust environments. 

As a result of these trends, here are six key cyber security jobs that will likely see increased demand in the coming years:

• AI Security Specialist - An AI Security Specialist will focus on integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning into cyber security strategies. They develop AI algorithms to detect and mitigate cyber threats and ensure these technologies are secure from adversarial attacks. They will have key skills in: 

  • Proficiency in AI and machine learning 
  • Knowledge of data analysis and pattern recognition 
  • Understanding of cyber security threats and defenses 
     

• Cloud Security Architect – these professionals are responsible for designing and implementing secure cloud infrastructure. They ensure that cloud environments are protected from breaches and comply with regulatory requirements. Key skills they must have are: 

  • Expertise in cloud platforms (e.g., AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) 
  • Knowledge of cloud security best practices 
  • Experience with identity and access management 
     

• IoT Security Specialist – focusing on securing the vast array of Internet of Things devices is the main responsibility for IoT Security Specialists. They must identify vulnerabilities in IoT networks and develop strategies to protect connected devices from cyber threats. Essential key skills for such a professional include: 

  • Understanding of IoT architectures and protocols 
  • Experience with embedded systems security 
  • Knowledge of network security and encryption 
     

• Zero Trust Security Engineer – these professionals implement and maintain Zero Trust security models within organisations. They design systems where every user and device must continuously verify their identity and trustworthiness. The key skills needed in this role include: 

  • Familiarity with Zero Trust principles and frameworks 
  • Expertise in identity and access management 
  • Proficiency in network security and monitoring 
     

• Automation and Incident Response Specialist – these specialists use automation tools to enhance incident response processes. They develop automated scripts and systems to quickly identify, analyse, and respond to security incidents. They will have skills in: 

  • Proficiency in scripting languages (e.g., Python, PowerShell) 
  • Experience with security information and event management (SIEM) systems 
  • Knowledge of threat detection and incident response techniques
     

• Cyber security Compliance Analyst – in this role, analysts must ensure that organisations adhere to relevant laws, regulations, and standards. They conduct audits, assess risks, and develop policies to maintain compliance. The key skills needed for this role includes: 

  • Understanding of cyber security regulations and frameworks (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA) 
  • Experience with risk assessment and management 
  • Strong analytical and communication skills 

In addition to technical expertise, cyber security professionals must cultivate essential soft skills to excel in their roles. Problem-solving abilities are crucial, as cyber security experts often face complex and evolving threats that require innovative solutions. Effective communication skills are equally important, enabling professionals to articulate security risks and strategies to both technical and non-technical stakeholders. Strategic thinking is vital for anticipating future threats and developing long-term security plans that align with organisational goals. To enhance their qualifications, individuals should pursue relevant certifications and education. Certifications like Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) and Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) are highly regarded in the industry, providing foundational knowledge and demonstrating a commitment to the field. Degrees in cybers ecurity, computer science, or information technology can offer comprehensive training and open doors to advanced career opportunities. Combining these soft skills with the right certifications and educational background will equip cyber security professionals to navigate the challenges of the evolving industry successfully.

5 big data breaches – and the lessons learned 

In recent years, several high-profile cyberattacks have highlighted the critical importance of robust cyber security measures. Here, we outline five of the biggest cyber breaches and the key lessons learned from each incident: 

1. Equifax Data Breach (2017) – the Equifax data breach exposed the personal information of 147 million people, including their Social Security numbers, birth dates, addresses, and driver's license numbers. The breach was attributed to a failure to patch a known vulnerability in the company's web application software. The takeaway for Equifax and for those who witnessed the fallout, was to focus on patch management. Companies realised they must prioritise timely updates and patches for all software to protect against known vulnerabilities. 
 
Remedial steps for such an attack would include:
 

• Implementing a comprehensive patch management process. 
• Enhancing network segmentation to limit the impact of potential breaches. 
• Increasing investment in security monitoring and incident response capabilities.

2. Yahoo Data Breach (2013-2014) – Yahoo experienced two major data breaches that compromised the accounts of 3 billion users during this timeframe. The attacks exposed email addresses, hashed passwords, and security questions and answers. It became clear that data encryption and multi-factor authentication needed to be tighter as sufficient measures here would have significantly reduced the risk of data breaches. 

Remedial steps for this kind of attack include: 
 

• Encrypting data both at rest and in transit. 
• Requiring MFA for user accounts to enhance security. 
• Conducting a thorough security review and improving overall security posture.
   

3. Target Data Breach (2013) – Hackers gained access to Target's network through a third-party vendor, compromising 40 million credit and debit card accounts and the personal information of 70 million customers. Third-party risk management should have been more closely assessed here and many bystanders took away the lesson of the importance of assessing and managing the security risks posed by third-party vendors.

Some of the remedial steps Target will have taken would have been: 
 

• Implementing stricter third-party vendor security assessments and monitoring. 
• Enhancing network segmentation to isolate sensitive data. 
• Increasing investment in threat detection and response capabilities. 
   

4. Sony Pictures Entertainment Hack (2014) – the Sony Pictures hack, attributed to North Korean hackers, resulted in the theft and public release of sensitive corporate data, including emails, employee information, and unreleased films. Had Sony Pictures had better employee training and incident response, the attack could have been averted. Regular training and a well-defined incident response plan are crucial for mitigating the impact of any cyberattack. 

As a result, the following steps were likely taken to reduce the chances of another attack: 
 

• Conducting regular cyber security training for employees to recognise and respond to threats. 
• Developing and regularly updating an incident response plan. 
• Strengthening network security measures and monitoring for suspicious activity. 
   

5. WannaCry Ransomware Attack (2017) – the WannaCry ransomware attack affected over 200,000 computers in 150 countries, encrypting data and demanding ransom payments in Bitcoin. The attack exploited a vulnerability in Microsoft Windows and highlighted the necessity for regular backups and incident response plans. Regularly backing up data and having a robust incident response plan could have mitigated the impact of such a ransomware attack. 

Following this attack, some of the likely measures taken would have been: 
 

• Implementing a comprehensive backup strategy to ensure data can be restored without paying a ransom. 
• Patching systems promptly to close known vulnerabilities. 
• Educating employees about the dangers of phishing emails and ransomware. 

These high-profile breaches highlight the importance of proactive cyber security measures, including regular patch management, encryption, multi-factor authentication, third-party risk management, employee training, and robust incident response plans. By learning from these incidents and implementing the necessary remedial steps, organisations can better protect themselves against future cyber threats and minimise the impact of potential breaches.

The job market outlook 

For those considering a career in the cyber security sector, there are some exciting times ahead. In the next few years, the industry is expected to see substantial growth, driven by the increasing complexity and frequency of cyber threats. 

The imminent surge of growth in cyber security will be fueled by the growing need for companies to protect their digital assets and comply with stringent data protection regulations. Countries worldwide are recognising the critical need for robust cyber security measures. As a result, we can expect to see a global rise in job opportunities within this sector. Certain regions are emerging as hotspots for cyber security jobs. The United States remains a leader, particularly in tech hubs like Silicon Valley, Washington D.C., and New York City. However, other regions are quickly catching up. In Europe, cities like London, Berlin, and Amsterdam are becoming key players in the cyber security landscape. Asia is not far behind, with Singapore, Tokyo, and Bangalore positioning themselves as major cyber security hubs too. These geographic hotspots are not only home to established tech giants but are also nurturing vibrant startup ecosystems. This combination provides a diverse range of opportunities for cyber security professionals, from working with large multinational corporations to innovative startups. 

While the demand for cyber security professionals spans across all sectors, certain industries are particularly in need. The finance and banking sector, for example, has always been a prime target for cybercriminals. As financial institutions continue to digitise their operations, the need for cyber security experts to protect sensitive financial data is more critical than ever. Healthcare is another industry experiencing a surge in demand for cyber security talent. In June 2017, Merck & Co., one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies, fell victim to the notorious NotPetya ransomware attack. The increasing adoption of digital health records and telemedicine services has made healthcare organisations such as Merck & Co., a lucrative target for cyberattacks. Consequently, there is a growing need for professionals who can secure patient data and ensure the integrity of healthcare systems. The consequences of such an attack extend far beyond inconvenience around severely disrupted operations and erosion of customer trust in a brand, but in the case of Merck & Co., also cost them disruption to their manufacturing, research, and sales operations, leading to substantial financial losses. Merck reported that the attack caused over $1.3 billion in damages, including lost sales and remediation costs. 

The government and defense sectors also represent a significant portion of the cyber security job market. One notable example of a government and defense security breach that highlighted the importance of cyber security professionals, and needed them to resecure systems, was the 2015 Office of Personnel Management (OPM) data breach in the United States. National security concerns and the protection of critical infrastructure are driving governments worldwide to invest heavily in their cyber security capabilities. This investment translates to numerous job opportunities for skilled professionals in both public and private sector roles supporting government initiatives. 

Ultimately, the job market outlook for cyber security professionals over the next decade is extremely positive. With rapid technological advancements and the ever-evolving threat landscape, the demand for skilled cyber security experts will only continue to grow. For professionals in this field, it is now important to stay informed about industry trends and acquire the necessary skills to deal with evolving trends; by doing so you can position yourself to thrive in this dynamic sector. Whether you're just starting out or looking to advance your career, the future of cyber security jobs holds a wealth of opportunities. 

Don’t forget 

The future of cyber security jobs is both exciting and challenging, reflecting our increasing reliance on digital technology and the growing sophistication of cyber threats. With every connected device, from smartphones to smart cars, the potential for cyberattacks rises, necessitating robust security measures and skilled professionals to implement them. 

The cyber security landscape is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, cloud services, and the Internet of Things. These developments are not only reshaping how we approach cyber security but also creating new job roles and opportunities for those prepared to adapt and learn. Emerging trends will be at the forefront of this transformation with each trend bringing unique challenges and opportunities, emphasising the need for continuous learning and adaptation among cyber security professionals. As the industry grows, so too will the demand for specialised roles. 

The cyber security job market is thriving, with competitive salaries and a significant skills gap presenting ample opportunities for both new entrants and seasoned professionals. However, staying ahead in this dynamic field requires more than just technical expertise. Soft skills such as problem-solving, strategic thinking, and effective communication are equally crucial, along with relevant certifications and education. For those considering a career in cyber security or looking to advance their current position, the path ahead is filled with opportunity. By staying informed about industry trends, continuously upgrading skills, and embracing new technologies, cyber security professionals can position themselves for success in this ever-evolving and vital industry.  

Looking to strengthen your team and your digital defenses? Hamlyn Williams can help you find your next cyber security hire, so get in touch to start taking the next step towards future-proofing your company and strengthening your tech team.