How can train operators optimize their driving strategies to save energy and reduce emissions?

1 Driving modes

One of the main factors that affects the energy efficiency of trains is the driving mode, which refers to the combination of acceleration, coasting, braking, and speed control that the operator uses to follow the timetable and the signals. Different driving modes have different impacts on the energy demand and the wear and tear of the rolling stock. For example, a smooth and gradual driving mode can reduce the energy losses due to friction, aerodynamics, and inertia, while a harsh and abrupt driving mode can increase them. Therefore, operators should aim to adopt a driving mode that minimizes the unnecessary changes in speed and power, and maximizes the use of coasting and regenerative braking.

2 Train characteristics

Another factor that affects the energy efficiency of trains is the train characteristics, which include the weight, length, shape, and configuration of the rolling stock. These characteristics determine the resistance and the traction force that the train has to overcome to move along the track. For example, a heavier and longer train will have more resistance and require more traction than a lighter and shorter one. Therefore, operators should be aware of the train characteristics and adjust their driving strategies accordingly. For instance, they should avoid overloading the train, reduce the speed when going uphill or against the wind, and increase the speed when going downhill or with the wind.

3 Route conditions

A third factor that affects the energy efficiency of trains is the route conditions, which include the track profile, the curvature, the gradients, the traffic, and the weather. These conditions influence the speed and the power that the train has to maintain to comply with the timetable and the safety requirements. For example, a flat and straight track will allow the train to coast more and brake less than a hilly and curved one. Therefore, operators should be familiar with the route conditions and plan their driving strategies accordingly. For example, they should anticipate the upcoming signals, curves, and slopes, and use the optimal speed and power for each segment of the route.

4 Feedback systems

A fourth factor that affects the energy efficiency of trains is the feedback systems, which include the devices and tools that provide information and guidance to the operators about their driving performance and the energy consumption and emissions of the train. These systems can help operators to monitor and improve their driving strategies, by showing them the real-time and historical data on the energy demand, the energy savings, the CO2 emissions, and the driving quality. For example, a driver advisory system (DAS) can suggest the optimal speed and power for each section of the route, based on the timetable, the signals, the track profile, and the train characteristics. Therefore, operators should use the feedback systems as a support and a learning tool, and follow their recommendations as much as possible.

5 Training programs

A fifth factor that affects the energy efficiency of trains is the training programs, which include the courses and activities that educate and motivate the operators to adopt more energy-efficient driving strategies. These programs can help operators to understand and apply the principles and techniques of eco-driving, by providing them with theoretical and practical knowledge, feedback, and incentives. For example, a training program can include classroom sessions, simulator sessions, on-board coaching, peer reviews, and rewards. Therefore, operators should participate in the training programs and update their skills and knowledge regularly.

6 Certification schemes

A sixth factor that affects the energy efficiency of trains is the certification schemes, which include the standards and labels that recognize and promote the best practices and achievements of the operators and the rolling stock in terms of energy efficiency and emissions reduction. These schemes can help operators to benchmark and improve their driving strategies, by providing them with criteria, indicators, audits, and ratings. For example, a certification scheme can assess the energy consumption and emissions of the train, the driving quality and consistency of the operator, and the compliance with the timetable and the safety regulations. Therefore, operators should seek and obtain the certification schemes that reflect their commitment and performance in eco-driving.

7 Here’s what else to consider

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