How can you compare wind turbine types?

1 Horizontal or vertical axis

The first criterion to compare wind turbine types is the orientation of their main axis. Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) have blades that rotate around a horizontal axis parallel to the ground. They are the most common type of wind turbine and can produce high power output. However, they need a yaw mechanism to align with the wind direction and face higher wind shear and turbulence. Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have blades that rotate around a vertical axis perpendicular to the ground. They are less common and have lower power output, but they do not need a yaw mechanism and can capture wind from any direction.

2 Fixed or variable speed

The second criterion to compare wind turbine types is the speed of their rotor. Fixed speed wind turbines (FSWTs) have a constant rotational speed regardless of the wind speed. They are simpler and cheaper to build and operate, but they have lower efficiency and higher mechanical stress. Variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) have a variable rotational speed that adapts to the wind speed. They are more complex and expensive, but they have higher efficiency and lower mechanical stress. They also have better power quality and grid compatibility.

3 Onshore or offshore

The third criterion to compare wind turbine types is the location of their installation. Onshore wind turbines are installed on land, usually in rural areas with open space and high wind potential. They are easier and cheaper to install and maintain, but they face more environmental and social constraints, such as noise, visual impact, land use, and wildlife. Offshore wind turbines are installed in the sea, usually in coastal areas with higher and more consistent wind speed. They are harder and more expensive to install and maintain, but they have higher power output and lower environmental and social impact.

4 Grid-connected or standalone

The fourth criterion to compare wind turbine types is the connection to the electrical grid. Grid-connected wind turbines are linked to the main power network and can supply electricity to the grid or receive electricity from the grid depending on the demand and supply. They are more reliable and economical, but they depend on the grid stability and regulations. Standalone wind turbines are not connected to the grid and can only supply electricity to local loads or storage devices. They are more independent and flexible, but they need backup systems and load management.

5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?