How do you follow web development standards and code quality guidelines?

Enforcing stylistic conventions and formatting rules in code generally works best via linter(s) or some sort CI-based static code analyzer. At our company, we rely on Prettier to help auto format our code and establish a baseline set of rules that are easy to implement and adjust as our preferences evolve. ESLint is another tool that we routinely install to help enforce those conventions over time.

Adopting a code style guide is not just about aesthetics; it's a crucial practice for collaborative development. It ensures that a team can work together seamlessly, as the code looks and feels as if one person wrote it, reducing cognitive overhead when switching between different parts of the codebase. Additionally, automated tools like Prettier or ESLint not only enforce consistency but also help catch potential errors or anti-patterns, which is invaluable for maintaining high code quality over time.

Adopt a code style guide like Airbnb's JavaScript style guide or Google's HTML/CSS style guide. This ensures consistency in coding style across your project, which is important for maintainability. Tools like ESLint for JavaScript and Stylelint for CSS can help enforce these styles automatically.

In my journey as a web developer, one crucial aspect that often gets overlooked is the importance of documentation. While we emphasize code quality, adhering to standards, and collaboration, comprehensive documentation acts as the glue that holds it all together. Clear and well-maintained documentation not only aids fellow developers in understanding your code but also serves as a valuable resource for future maintenance and onboarding of new team members. Additionally, consider the user experience beyond the code itself. Provide user guides or documentation for end-users, ensuring they can seamlessly interact with your web applications. This not only enhances user satisfaction but also reduces the burden on support teams.

Quando trabalhamos no desenvolvimento de software em grandes empresas ou grandes equipes, é fundamental que trabalhemos com padronização de código. Para isso, o uso de Linters é fundamental. Não se trata de ter um código bonito, mas de padronizar! Precisamos caminhar em direção ao sucesso da solução que propomos na hora de criar o software, ainda que cada programador tenha suas características e forma de escrever, mas é importante que cada membro da equipe se entenda na hora de fazer a manutenção ou escrever uma nova feature.

Um dos pontos menos mencionados é a acessibilidade web, mas quando aplicamos corretamente a semântica, ajudamos diversos usuários, principalmente aqueles que utilizam leitores de tela, a conseguirem navegar no site de forma mais assertiva e com muita fluidez. A semântica não é apenas uma regra, mas trata-se de construir um caminho que todos possam navegar.

Semantic HTML is something that even seasoned developers sometimes do not adhere to but it's actually a low hanging fruit since HTML is not very complicated and you can only benefit from using it (SEO, accessibility, maintainability, etc)

Actually, I disagree with the idea that writing semantic and valid HTML is only for the benefit of search engines and assistive technologies. It also makes collaboration among developers easier because the code is more intuitive and easier to understand, leading to more efficient maintenance and updates.

Use HTML elements according to their intended purpose. For example, use <article>, <section>, and <aside> to define parts of a page or document. Validate your HTML using the W3C validation service to ensure it meets web standards and is free from errors.

UI libraries are able to abstract away many accessibility and responsive design concerns that you might come across when dealing with CSS. If you do find yourself needing to manually write some CSS, media queries are going to be your best friend. The advent of native CSS variables drastically simplifies the creation of a consistent design system if you can't take advantage of popular UI libraries or design systems. Ensuring that it's accessible is important, with or without the UI libraries though - Consider the "prefers-reduced-motion" media query which has no direct analog in many UI libraries. You'd need to write some custom CSS for this to work in a way that respects people's preferences!

Podemos ter certeza de que uma aplicação está acessível quando permite 3 cenários: 1. O usuário possui deficiência física 2. O usuário possui uma limitação tecnológica, como a falta de um dispositivo periférico 3. O usuário opta por navegar de forma não convencional (Ex: utilizando apenas o teclado em um formulário). Um aplicativo verdadeiramente acessível significa que todos podem navegar da maneira que precisam ou desejam. Isso é incrível, pois colocamos o usuário no centro do desenvolvimento de software e não simplesmente na tecnologia.

Ensure your websites are accessible and work across all devices. Use media queries to make layouts responsive, and follow accessibility guidelines such as WCAG. Utilize CSS frameworks like Bootstrap or Foundation that come with built-in accessibility features to speed up the process.

Responsive and accessible CSS ensures your web page adapts to different screen sizes and is usable by all users, regardless of their abilities. This makes your site user-friendly, inclusive, and optimized for performance and SEO. Techniques include media queries, flexbox, grid, relative units, breakpoints, color contrast, font size, focus states, and ARIA attributes. Tools like Responsive Design Checker, Chrome DevTools, and aXe can help you test and improve your CSS.

Modular development facilitates collaboration among developers by clearly defining code boundaries and responsibilities. This approach enables teams to work on different parts of an application simultaneously without conflicts, significantly speeding up the development process. Modular code is easier to debug and test, as each module can be independently verified, reducing the complexity of tracking down issues.

Antes de pensarmos em modular, precisamos entender: qual o significado do componente, onde iremos reaproveitá-lo e como nossa equipe ganhará em desempenho e praticidade na hora de escalar o projeto. A modularização é uma prática excelente, pois reduz a quantidade de código, facilita os testes e acelera o desenvolvimento. Assim como a modularização, os testes são essenciais para todo desenvolvedor. Muita gente vê essa etapa como protocolo ou burocracia, mas investir em testes é investir na qualidade do que é entregue.

Break JavaScript into modules using ES6 modules or CommonJS modules. This makes your code more manageable, testable, and reusable. Utilize testing frameworks like Jest to write unit and integration tests, ensuring your code functions as expected.

Version control is a cornerstone of good web development, without exception. Whether it's a solo project or a big team, version control systems like GitHub, GitLab, and others drastically simplify collaboration, code review, and the legwork of maintaining code history. Most modern version control systems now have countless integrations with third parties for unit testing, deploy frameworks, build checks, and other essential parts of writing good code for the web. Version control systems are absolutely worth the investment.

Version control is essential for any software development, as it is through it that we make planned progress in improving software development, especially on the WEB. We need to understand what we have implemented and where we are heading in our projects.

Version control systems like Git help manage changes to your codebase, enabling you to track revisions, revert to previous states, and manage branches for features and fixes.

A version control system is software that tracks and manages changes in your code. It helps you collaborate with other developers, back up and restore code, compare and merge versions, and deploy to different environments. Key features include branches, commits, tags, pull requests, merges, conflicts, logs, diffs, hooks, and remote repositories. Popular version control systems are Git, SVN, Mercurial, and CVS

Regular code reviews from your peers as well as pair-programming sessions are absolutely essential to helping reinforce the value of engineering standards. Soliciting group feedback can help educate more junior team members on why we maintain these conventions and foster ongoing discussions about the choices we make and how we might evolve them over the course of a project.

Implement a code review process where peers review each other’s work before it merges into the main codebase. This practice catches issues early, improves code quality, and fosters knowledge sharing among team members.

Code Refactoring is a major part to improve readability and maintainability of the project, and reduce technical debt. Refactoring aims to make code easier to understand for developers who may work on it in the future.

Regularly profile and optimize your code. Use tools like Google Lighthouse to analyze and improve the performance and quality of your web pages.