How can you optimize live streaming and broadcasting bandwidth and latency?

Unless your event demands low latency as a condition, don’t force it. You can find a great combination between bandwidth and latency that will allow you to have a more reliable stream. Check the specifications of the encoders and platform you are using to get the best use of your allocated bandwidth. Make sure you have bundled connectivity so you won’t have to relay on a single failure point. Get Ethernet, SIM cards, satellite internet and configure those 3 to have the required redundancy. This would be helpful if you need to deliver your event with low latency.

Minimize the encoding / Transcoding points in your contribution path. From the Production handoff to distribution channel, ATSC, Streaming, Cable, the fewer times you re encode the lower the latency.

I will go with the basics here. Assuming you're using YouTube as your stream platform, the service offers you three types of latency: normal, low and ultra-low. Choose normal if you don't plan to interact a lot with your audience (it gives you the best quality possible, up to 4k). Low is a kind of middle-range, where you will have less latency with good quality (but not the best possible. Ultra-low is meant for lives with almost real-time interactions. For this option, you must have a great setup and internet connection (upload speed), because you will not have any buffer in your stream in case anything goes wrong. You can find this option inside YouTube Studio in Stream Settings. Twitch is another ultra-low latency platform.

Recomiendo que más allá de elegir una plataforma y codificador adecuados, es tener como mínimo indispensable una infraestructura, recursos tecnológicos basados en hardware a un nivel óptimo. Sin dejar de lado contar con un flujo de trabajo ágil.

Load balancing is your ace. If it's a globally accessible stream, for example, a huge K -Pop star, you're may experience bottlenecks in unforseen places, due to the range of provider speeds, latency, and even government based throttled connections.

Most internet plans for individuals offer different download and upload speeds. For example, you can have a plan that offers 300 Mbps as download speed and only 15 Mbps as upload speed. Upload speed is the most important thing when streaming because you are sending (uploading) packages to the server. It means it is not hard to use all your upload speed if you set up a high bitrate for your stream. So, in your streaming software (OBS, vMix, etc), never set your bitrate too close to your upload limit. In our previous example, a safe bitrate would be around 8-10 Mbps. You can also get a symmetric internet plan. It will offer the same speeds for download and upload.

Here's an idea. Offload valuable live streaming content to Broadcast! With ATSC 3.0 and low-latency encoding, it is possible to have "glass to glass" latency of <1 sec. Use of MPEG Media Transport Protocol (MMTP) within the standard opens huge opportunities for integration of Broadcast and Broadband for those critical business opportunities (e.g., Sports betting and live sports).