What are the main challenges and risks of soil sampling in contaminated sites?

2 Sampling methods

The second challenge is to choose and apply the appropriate sampling methods for the site and the contaminants of interest. There are different types of soil sampling techniques and equipment, such as hand augers, drill rigs, direct-push probes, and sonic drills. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, depending on the soil conditions, depth, volume, and quality of the samples required. You need to select the method that minimizes disturbance, cross-contamination, and sample loss.

3 Sampling quality

The third challenge is to ensure the quality and integrity of the soil samples throughout the sampling process. You need to follow the standard operating procedures, quality assurance, and quality control measures for soil sampling. This includes using clean and calibrated equipment, wearing proper protective gear, labeling and sealing the samples, preserving and transporting them under suitable conditions, and documenting the sampling activities. You also need to avoid or correct any errors, biases, or anomalies that may affect the accuracy and reliability of the results.

5 Sampling analysis

The fifth challenge is to select and perform the suitable analysis methods for the soil samples. You need to consider the type, concentration, and distribution of the contaminants in the soil, as well as the analytical objectives, standards, and criteria of the project. There are different types of soil analysis methods, such as physical, chemical, biological, or geotechnical tests. Each method has its limitations and uncertainties, depending on the sample preparation, extraction, detection, and interpretation techniques. You need to choose the method that provides the most relevant and reliable information.

6 Sampling interpretation

The sixth challenge is to interpret and communicate the results of the soil sampling and analysis. You need to compare the results with the baseline data, the regulatory limits, and the remediation goals of the project. You also need to evaluate the uncertainty, variability, and significance of the results, as well as the implications and recommendations for further actions. You need to present the results in a clear, concise, and consistent manner, using appropriate formats, graphs, maps, and reports.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?