"At Artax Biopharma, we believe in the potential of Nck modulation to treat a broad range of autoimmune diseases without immune suppression. Nck is an adaptor protein which plays a direct role in regulating T cell responses. Nck binds to the activated TCR, amplifying weak TCR signaling and contributing to erroneous activation. Modulation of Nck simply aims to restore appropriate TCR signaling, thus preventing reaction to self, while preserving response to non-self.
Our lead Nck modulator, AX-158, is currently being evaluated in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled, Phase 2a clinical trial in mild to moderate plaque psoriasis patients. The trial is being run in the UK; we expect to complete the trial and have a readout before the end of the year. In this first ever clinical evaluation of an Nck modulator, there will be 28 days of treatment with our investigational compound, AX-158, or placebo, with 30 days of follow up on safety. We believe that this relatively short treatment window can afford valuable insights into how Nck modulation impacts psoriasis disease pathways, particularly when examining biomarker changes.
Biomarkers are molecular, cellular, or biochemical changes that can be accurately and repeatably measured in blood, body fluids, and tissues. They are used to identify and monitor physiological and pathogenic processes or responses to pharmacological interventions (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences: Biomarkers (nih.gov)). We know from clinical research with other approaches in psoriasis that early changes in biomarkers can indicate the potential for substantive improvements for psoriasis patients over longer periods of treatment. A great example of this came from Dr. Jim Krueger, member of our Scientific Advisory Board: “Research has shown that changes in IL-17A in the early weeks of psoriasis patient treatment with secukinimab led to clinical, histologic, molecular resolution of psoriasis.” (Krueger et al, JACI 2019)
We will be looking at a panel of known psoriasis biomarkers in addition to IL-17A in order to understand the impacts of Nck modulation on psoriasis patients. This broad-based approach will help to better define the impact of Nck modulation in comparison to other therapeutic approaches to psoriasis and potentially other autoimmune diseases as well. When combined with the clinical outcomes, this biomarker-driven approach can help define the cadence and scope of the response, and better inform future clinical trial designs. We will be assisted in interpreting these changes by the outstanding clinical researchers in our SAB such as Dr. Menno de Rie.
So for now, we prepare for the Phase 2a trial with AX-158 to be completed, and for those biomarker assays to read out. We are nearly there in learning what Nck modulation can mean for autoimmune disease treatment!"
-Dr. Scott Batty, Chief Medical Officer