Pro Level Civil Engineering

❌️Concrete creep❌️ #civilengineering #structuralengineering #construction #concrete

🔊Structural Essentials. Exploring Types of Loads/Deformations. 🔊Sound on! #structural #structuralengineering #civilengineering #structuralengineer #civilengineer #construction #arhitecture #mechanicalengineering #structure #load #deformations

🔻 Crucial Guidelines for Coupling Beams 🔻 ▶ Coupling beams connecting structural walls can provide stiffness and energy dissipation. ▶ In many cases, geometric limits result in coupling beams that are deep in relation to their clear span. Deep coupling beams may be controlled by shear and may be susceptible to strength and stiffness deterioration under earthquake loading. ▶ Test results (Paulay and Binney 1974; Barney et al. 1980) have shown that confined diagonal reinforcement provides adequate resistance in deep coupling beams. ▶ Experiments show that diagonally oriented reinforcement is effective only if the bars are placed with a large inclination. Therefore, diagonally reinforced coupling beams are restricted to beams having aspect ratio ℓn/h < 4. ▶ Each group of diagonal bars shall consist of a minimum of four bars provided in two or more layers. The diagonal bars shall be embedded into the wall at least 1.25 times the development length for fy in tension. ▶ (1) The transverse reinforcement shall have spacing measured parallel to the diagonal bars satisfying and not exceeding 6db of the smallest diagonal bars ▶ (2) Longitudinal spacing of transverse reinforcement shall not exceed the lesser of 6 in. and 6db of the smallest diagonal bars. ▶ (3) The transverse reinforcement shall have spacing of crossties or legs of hoops measured perpendicular to the diagonal bars not exceeding 14 in. ▶ (4) Spacing of crossties or legs of hoops both vertically and horizontally in the plane of the beam cross section shall not exceed 8 in. Each crosstie and each hoop leg shall engage a longitudinal bar of equal or greater diameter. ▶ (5) Each group of diagonal bars shall be enclosed by rectilinear transverse reinforcement having out-to-out dimensions of at least bw/2 in the direction parallel to bw and bw/5 along the other sides, where bw is the web width of the coupling beam. Note: The deformation shown in the video is exaggerated for illustrative purposes. #concrete #concretedesign #structural #structuralengineering #civil #civilengineering #structuralengineer

🚩Building Bridges to Last: Learn How to Correctly Reinforce Concrete Hinges #concrete #concretedesign #reinforcedconcrete #concretedetailing #structural #structuralengineering #structuraldesign #structuraldesigner #structuralengineering #structuralengineer #civil #civilengineering #bridges #construction

❌ Avoid Flexible Base Plate ✅️ Stiff Base Plate  When designing an anchor base-plate, it is necessary to ensure it possesses adequate stiffness. Here's why: A stiff plate guarantees evenly distributed forces on both the concrete and anchors. Conversely, a flexible plate presents several issues: 1. It subjects the anchors to higher loads and imposes greater stress on the concrete. 2. It fails to comply with international codes, as resistance equations for anchor groups assume a rigid anchor base-plate. 3. It allows for greater displacement due to increased rotation. Solution? Employ finite element analysis for a realistic assessment of anchor base-plate rigidity. #structural #steel #structuralsteel #steeldesign #concretedesign #concrete #anchor #structuralengineering #civil #civilengineering #civilengineeringstudent #arhitecture

🔻Warning🔻: Designing Wisely in Times of Intense Earthquakes is Crucial! #structural #struturalengineering #civil #civilengineering #construction #arhitecture #concrete #steel #building #buildingdesign #earthquake

⏩ Cracking the Code: Understanding Pin, Roller, and Fixed Steel Connections #civilengineering #structuralengineering #construction #steel #steeldesign #arhitecture

🔻Note: In large caps, top and side reinforcing grids may be advisable to prevent shrinkage and thermal contraction cracking. #structural #structuralengineering #civilengineering #construction #arhitecture #concrete #concretedesign #foundations

🚩 F(max)=1773 kN Radial Placement 🚩 F(max)=1857 kN Cruciform Placement Tests with radial and cruciform arrangements of shear reinforcement showed similar performances regarding the maximum punching capacity. Source: Document "Performance of punching shear reinforcement under gravity loading: Influence of type and detailing" , Autors: Einpaul J., Brantschen F., Fernández Ruiz M., Muttoni A., Published in ACI Structural Journal #structural #structuralengineering #civilengineering #construction #arhiteture #punching #concrete #concretedesign

❌ Asymmetric Layout ➡ Torsion 👌 Symmetric Layout #torsion #structure #civilengineering #structuralengineering #construction #arhitecture