CPAP Trick or Treat
THE TRICK:
Because snoring and hypopneas are inspiratory phenomena, we got tricked decades ago into believing inspiratory pressure (IPAP) is important to OSA therapy. It’s not. The increased IPAP with bilevel PAP merely forces air over the obstruction we worsened when we lowered the expiratory pressure (EPAP) (1-3). Increasing IPAP above EPAP also increases central apneas (4,5). Then came the evil bilevel offspring: expiratory pressure reduction algorithms (Flex, EPR, etc.). Does this small amount of pressure support increases the TECSA (treatment emergent central sleep apnea) goblins and aerophagia gremlins?
Then the trick got worse. They added mask compensation algorithms to further increase inspiratory pressure and turn nasal pillow masks into nasal torture devices. We must end this trick, bury the inspiratory monsters, and focus on the future.
THE TREAT:
Reducing inspiratory pressure may reduce leak (6,7) and provide more comfort (6). KairosPAP™ or KPAP™ reduces inspiratory pressure by as much as 5 cmH2O and maintains the same therapy as traditional CPAP (6). KPAP™ is not available till next year. But V-Com® is available now. Click links below to read KPAP™ and V-Com® studies.
For more information email info@SleepRes.com
Note: V-Com® is not for patients who need ventilation in addition to treatment of OSA and KPAP™ is not yet cleared by the FDA.
References:
1. Gugger, M., & Vock, P. (1992). Effect of reduced expiratory pressure on pharyngeal size during nasal positive airway pressure in patients with sleep apnoea: evaluation by continuous computed tomography. Thorax, 47(10), 809-813. https://lnkd.in/gZKjH-yP
2. Sériès, F., & Marc, I. (1998). Effects of inspiratory and expiratory positive pressure difference on airflow dynamics during sleep. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85(5), 1855–1862. https://lnkd.in/gipsNaVk
3. Lévy, P., Pépin, J. L., & Ferretti, G. (1994). Dynamique des structures pharyngées au cours des apnées obstructives (en ventilation spontanée, pression positive
continue et BiPAP). Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 24(3), 227–248. https://lnkd.in/gjbiBrGZ
4. Johnson KG, Johnson DC. Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Worsens Central Apneas During Sleep. Chest. 2005;128(4):2141-2150. doi:10.1378/chest.128.4.2141
5. Meza S, Mendez M, Ostrowski M, Younes M. Susceptibility to periodic breathing with assisted ventilation during sleep in normal subjects. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1998;85(5):1929-1940. doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.5.1929
6. D.P. White et al. KPAP equals continuous PAP in effectiveness, and offers superior comfort for obstructive sleep apnea treatment. Vol. 124, Dec 2024, Pages 268-275. https://lnkd.in/gpAeSnyg
7. R.J. Farney et al. Reducing IPAP to Treat OSA Provides Equivalent Therapy, Improves Comfort, and Reduces Unintentional Leak. https://lnkd.in/gVFnExKq