DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE LEFT AND RIGHT BANK WINES OF BORDEAUX
Bordeaux is split in two by the Gironde Estuary, which divides into the Dordogne and Garonne rivers.
The Right Bank is the area to the north of the Dordogne river and the Left Bank is the area directly south of the Garonne River, both of which feed into the Gironde estuary that meets the Atlantic Ocean.
The joining of these three forms a shape like an upside down ‘Y’ with the two banks on either side and the area in between known as the ‘Entre-deux-Mers’.
The Left Bank encompasses the Médoc best-known appellations – from north to south – are St-Estèphe, Pauillac, St-Julien and Margaux.
South of Bordeaux, Pessac-Léognan and Graves, plus the sweet wine producing appellations of Sauternes and Barsac.
The Right Bank’s most famous appellations are Pomerol and St-Émilion, the latter of which has four ‘satellite’ appellations. These are Montagne-, Lussac-, Puisseguin- and St-Georges St-Émilion.
The Right Bank also encompasses the: Côtes de Blaye, Côtes de Bourg, Fronsac, Canon-Fronsac, Lalande-de-Pomerol, Francs Côtes de Bordeaux and Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux.
While all of the Left Bank wines are usually blends, cabernet sauvignon is the dominant force here. Merlot, petit verdot, malbec and cabernet franc play supporting roles.
The terroir of the Left Bank is mostly flat with gentle undulations in the landscape. Soils are largely composed of alluvial gravels with limestone underneath.
Wines typically have more tannin and a bigger overall structure than their Right Bank counterparts. Right Bank wines are predominantly merlot-based, with cabernet franc, cabernet sauvignon, malbec and petit verdot used as blending components.
The most famous terroir is the large limestone plateau that surrounds the pretty town of St-Émilion itself. This is where the majority of the appellation’s great domaines can be found.
In nearby Pomerol, on the outskirts of the riverside entrepôt of Libourne, there is no limestone. However, the composition of the soils is much more like that of the Left Bank with alluvial gravels and sand, albeit with much more clay mixed in. Many of the best châteaux border St-Émilion.
The wines tend to be rich in fruit, softer in mouthfeel with less tannin and acid than wines from the Left Bank.
And while there are plenty of wines that are also enjoyable when young, the best wines from the Right Bank are more than capable of ageing happily for many decades.
Top Left and Right Bank Bordeaux châteaux can produce extremely long-lived wines, particularly in the right vintage conditions.
On the Right Bank, the St-Emilion Classification, first introduced in 1955. Unlike the 1855 Classifications, this ranking is frequently reviewed, currently every 10 years.
Generally, Right Bank red wines are less expensive and ejoyable earlier than those from the Left Bank.
Right Bank estates are more famous, and priced much higher.