Arcsecond.io’s Post

All this unplanned movement created a significant safety risk. The orbits of all low Earth objects are constantly monitored to predict potential collisions — or conjunctions, as astronomers call them — so that satellites can move out of the way. But throughout the storm and for several days afterwards, these calculations were next to impossible because of the rapidly changing orbits. “These challenges call into question the capabilities of the existing conjunction assessment procedures during geomagnetic storm conditions,” they say. That will be a concern to space operators and particularly the astronauts aboard the International Space Station. This has had to move on various occasions to avoid potential collisions and so relies on these kinds of predictions. #spaceweather #solarstorms #geomagneticstorms #solarflares #SSA #STM

All this unplanned movement created a significant safety risk. The orbits of all low Earth objects are constantly monitored to predict potential collisions — or conjunctions, as astronomers call them — so that satellites can move out of the way. But throughout the storm and for several days afterwards, these calculations were next to impossible because of the rapidly changing orbits. “These challenges call into question the capabilities of the existing conjunction assessment procedures during geomagnetic storm conditions,” they say. That will be a concern to space operators and particularly the astronauts aboard the International Space Station. This has had to move on various occasions to avoid potential collisions and so relies on these kinds of predictions. #spaceweather #solarstorms #geomagneticstorms #solarflares #SSA #STM #spacetrafficmanagement #spacesituationawareness

The Goddard Magnetometer (GMAG) instrument, launched onboard NOAA’s GOES-19 satellite on June 25, 2024, is now transmitting magnetic field measurements down to Earth. GOES-19, like its sister satellite GOES-18, carries an upgraded magnetometer instrument that provides improved measurements of Earth’s magnetic field over the magnetometers on earlier GOES-R series satellites. The figure below shows data from the GOES-19 GMAG on July 23, 2024. The top and middle panels show the unfiltered and filtered Eastward component of the magnetic field, respectively. Data in the middle panel has been filtered to highlight a space weather phenomenon known as electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. These waves play a significant role in controlling the levels of dangerous energetic particles that cause damage to satellites and harm astronauts. An important characteristic of these waves is their frequency, or how fast they oscillate up and down. This is shown in the bottom panel of the figure, where higher wave power levels are identified by the color bar. An example of an EMIC wave signal is shown in between the two white lines in the bottom panel, which indicate the frequencies that positively charged helium ions and protons circle the local magnetic field. When these particular waves interact with the electrons, some will oscillate in a way that scatters highly energetic and dangerous electrons to decrease their threat to space-based assets. Other types of wave-particle interactions may accelerate highly energetic particles, increasing their threat. Space weather events generate both types of waves, making forecasting the level of energetic particles complex. In this particular event, the waves acted to scatter electrons and decrease their threat to orbiting satellites. GMAG space weather products can help to improve forecasts of the likelihood of elevated levels of dangerous energetic particles. GMAG observations also enable research into new space weather products. After GOES-19 is assigned the operational role as NOAA’s GOES East satellite, GMAG data will help NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center better forecast the likelihood that elevated levels of dangerous energetic particles will occur during space weather events. Full Article: https://lnkd.in/gzugm3VA #NOAA #GMAG #GOES19

ERS-2 and 1 were one of the first satellites to provide cloud penetrating radar imagery to the public. It was a pioneering mission and provided some of the first images of floods due to the ability to penetrate clouds. Here's are some of ERS-2's contributions (Thank you, you will be missed!): - 🌧️ Flood Monitoring: Provided crucial data for flood risk assessment and disaster prevention. - 🌬️ Weather Forecasting: Enhanced predictions with ocean surface wind field measurements. - 🕳️ Ozone Layer Health: Tracked the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole with high precision. - 🌊 Sea Level Insights: Offered vital data on sea and ice surface heights for climate change studies. - ❄️ Arctic Ice Decline: Revealed long-term decreases in Arctic sea ice, aiding climate research. - 🌍 Ground Subsidence Mapping: Enabled precise monitoring of ground displacements, supporting environmental studies. - 🔍 Scientific Research: Changed our understanding of Earth's environment, oceans, and the impact of human activity. ERS-2 has been pivotal in advancing our knowledge of Earth's systems and responding to climate challenges.

After reaching the geostationary orbit and location it was planned for (0º latitude and 75.2°W longitude), GOES-R satellite started providing stable data inputs for solar irradiance models. Of especially high importance for solar irradiance modelling is its Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). It's capable of viewing the Earth across 16 spectral bands, including two visible channels, four near-infrared channels, and ten infrared channels. This new ABI provides: -- 3x more spectral information, -- 4x times the spatial resolution, and -- More than 5x faster coverage than the previous satellite technology. After the first GOES-R data integration we did a few years ago, our satellite data team has been working on additional improvements across the solar irradiance model used for sites covered by this satellite. The improvements cover following areas: -- Satellite data pre-processing -- Terrain corrections -- Detection of clouds & snow -- Sun position Dive deeper into all four of them through the link in comments. #NASA #NOAA #satelliteimagery #solarirradiance #solar #satellitedata

Izmu - Albedo takes Earth observation up close and personal from very low Earth orbit

Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS - ABSTRACT :"We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R⊕, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ∼315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy. " https://lnkd.in/gWp_bn4v Key words: planets and satellites: detection – planets and satellites: terrestrial planets – techniques: photometric – stars: individual: Gliese 12 – planets and satellites: individual: Gliese 12 b

Satellites are artificial objects intentionally placed into orbit around Earth or other celestial bodies. They serve a multitude of purposes, revolutionizing various aspects of modern life, including communication, navigation, weather forecasting, scientific research, and military operations ### Types of Satellites **1. Communication Satellites:** These satellites enable global telecommunications by transmitting data for television, internet, radio, and telephone services. Geostationary satellites, positioned about 35,786 kilometers above the equator, remain fixed relative to a point on Earth, ensuring consistent coverage. **2. Weather Satellites:** Essential for meteorology, weather satellites monitor atmospheric conditions and provide data for weather predictions. They track storms, climate patterns, and environmental changes, aiding in disaster preparedness and response. **3. Navigation Satellites:** The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a prime example. Navigation satellites provide precise location and timing information crucial for personal navigation, military operations, and global logistics. **4. Earth Observation Satellites:** These satellites are used for environmental monitoring, agriculture urban planning, and natural resource management. They capture high-resolution images and data of the Earth's surface, contributing to scientific research and practical applications like deforestation tracking and disaster management. **5. Scientific Satellites:** Deployed for space exploration and scientific studies, scientific satellites gather data on distant galaxies, cosmic phenomena, and planetary science. The Hubble Space Telescope is a notable example, offering unprecedented images and insights into the universe. #snsinstitutions #snsdesignthinkers #designthinking

There is an article that interests me a little. Mega constellations of satellites are currently being introduced in rapidly increasing numbers. Even if the satellites are operated properly, there is a 25-year operation rule, so these satellites will someday re-enter the atmosphere. Re-entry into the atmosphere is preferable to becoming space debris, but the burned-out debris remains in space as charged particles, and the contents of the article are that the plasma "cloud" made up of these charged particles will affect the Earth's geomagnetic field due to the Debye length. If the Earth's geomagnetic field is blocked, problems such as solar wind and galactic cosmic rays, that is, dangerous radiation, can more easily reach the ground. One study pointed out that embers from rockets after launching satellites are also accumulated at around 80 km altitude, where embers from meteors accumulate. (https://lnkd.in/d6fhT3_h) In addition to the light pollution problem that the astronomical society is complaining about, I think we need to think carefully about the nature of mega-constellations. #satellite #constellation #spacedebris #plasma #debyelength #solarwind #galacticcosmicrays #radiation #astronomy #lightpollution https://lnkd.in/dH3RV7NT

Ready to orbit the forefront of Earth Observation? 🌐 Swipe through our carousel for a glimpse into the future of EO data. From market projections to next-gen satellites, each slide is a launchpad for fresh insights. For more in-depth details explore our full article on Earth Observation trends here: https://lnkd.in/dX-qCqru #EarthObservation #DataRevolution #EnvironmentalScience #TechTrends #NewSpace #SpaceTechnology