Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard’s Post

🚀 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗩𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗛𝗲𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘀 𝗕 𝗘𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗖𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗹 TherVacB, a novel therapeutic vaccine to combat chronic #hepatitisB, entered the first clinical trial. The vaccine was designed and developed under the leadership of #HelmholtzMunich. 💉 This phase 1a clinical trial is conducted at the LMU Klinikum München Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine with the Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf as sponsor of the clinical trial and will investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the novel vaccine candidate in healthy volunteers. 👉https://lnkd.in/e-43av4z Protzer Ulrike #HepatitisB #vaccine #HBV #research #health #virus #infection

No vaccine is highly effective against tuberculosis (TB)—the predominantly respiratory disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacteria and that causes about 1.3 million deaths each year. Increasing evidence suggests that antibodies can protect against Mtb infection, but knowledge regarding these potentially protective antibodies is lacking. In a paper published online on December 12, 2023, in eBioMedicine, Jacqueline Achkar, M.D., M.S., Elise Ishida, and colleagues evaluated airway and serum samples of 57 macaque monkeys that had undergone low-dose Mtb airway infection; 36 of the animals developed latent Mtb infection (i.e., no symptoms and no signs of disease), and 21 developed active TB (the disease which can be transmitted and result in death). The researchers assessed levels of several types of antibodies in the macaques before infection, 2-3 months after, and 5-6 months after infection. Compared with macaques with active TB, those with latent Mtb infection had much stronger antibody responses. More specifically, latently infected macaques had significantly increased (1) airway and plasma IgA against specific Mtb glycan antigens prior to infection; (2) plasma IgG reactivity to the Mtb protein MTB32A early post-infection; and (3) airway IgG responses to certain Mtb proteins early postinfection. The results suggest that latently infected macaques may have been protected against active infection due to pre-existing antibodies from prior exposure to non-TB-causing mycobacteria (which have been found to bolster protection against TB in experiments involving mice). If so, these findings could inform strategies for developing more effective TB vaccines. Dr. Achkar is professor of medicine, and of microbiology & immunology, director of global health research at the Global Health Center, associate director for translational research at the Clinical Research Training Program (CRTP) at Einstein, and an attending physician at Montefiore Medical Center. The study’s first author is Elise Ishida, a Ph.D. student in Dr. Achkar’s lab who recently graduated. #tuberculosis #TB #TBResearch #Mtb #Mycobacteriumtuberculosis #research #science

https://lnkd.in/dKy95TU7 Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV) is a tick-borne flavivirus that causes life-threatening hemorrhagic fever in humans with case fatality rates of 3–5%. Relatively little is known about the mechanism of its pathogenesis or host immune responses to KFDV infection. Here, we investigated KFDV-specific cellular immune responses in the recovered cases of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the recovered KFD cases and healthy controls were exposed to γ-inactivated KFDV antigen ex vivo. The proliferation index was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based lymphoproliferative assay. The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing intracellular interferon (IFN)-γ in response to stimulation with γ-inactivated KFDV antigen were determined using flow cytometry. A significant increase in lymphoproliferation and a high frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells secreting IFN-γ against γ-inactivated KFDV antigen were found in the recovered KFD group compared to the healthy control group. In conclusion, the study indicated the generation of cellular immune responses in individuals who recovered from KFD and can be used as indicators of cellular immunity in KFD vaccine studies.

Antibodies correlate with protection against active tuberculosis (TB)    A recent paper describes antigen-specific airway and systemic IgG, IgA, and IgM responses that are linked to the effects of controlled latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) and uncontrolled infection (TB) in nonhuman primates.    The study demonstrated support for a protective role of pre-existing mucosal and systemic IgA to specific Mtb glycan motifs, meaning that previous exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria may be protective against TB. The results may help to develop future TB vaccines.    Access the article here: https://lnkd.in/gDU4EUVZ   #Biointron #Antibodies #Immunotherapy #Healthcare #Tuberculosis 

TWiV 1120: Clinical update with Dr. Daniel Griffin; "In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin reports the third case of influenza H5N1 infection in a human, this time with respiratory symptoms, an H5 avian influenza virus wastewater dashboard, FDA approves Moderna’s mRNA vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus, vaccine advisors to FDA recommend switching from the XBB.1.5 variant to JN.1 for fall COVID-19 vaccine formulations, weekly US COVID update, a controlled human exhaled breath aerosol experimental study on the relative efficacy of masks and respirators as source control for viral aerosol shedding from people infected with SARS-CoV-2, systematic review of early use of oral antiviral drugs and the risk of post COVID-19 syndrome, long-COVID autonomic syndrome in working age and work ability impairment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 5.3% of Americans currently have long COVID, and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine presented a report with a number of conclusions about long-COVID diagnosis, symptoms, and impact on daily function."; June 7, 2024, Microbe TV: https://lnkd.in/efaXrrZw

🧫 Harnessing the Power of MAIT Cells in Combating Bacterial Infections A pioneering study by a team of researchers reveals the critical role of Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells in protecting against systemic and local infections caused by Francisella tularensis. 🔬 Key Insights: MAIT Cell Expansion: Systemic infection with Francisella tularensis results in significant MAIT cell expansion in various organs and blood. Th1-like MAIT-1 Phenotype: The expanded MAIT cells exhibit a Th1-like phenotype, crucial for controlling bacterial load. Vaccine Potential: Systemic vaccination with synthetic antigens and adjuvants boosts MAIT cells, enhancing protection against multiple bacterial infections. 👥 Researchers involved: Zhe Zhao, Huimeng Wang, Mai Shi, Tianyuan Zhu, Troi Pediongco, Xin Yi Lim, Bronwyn Meehan, Adam G Nelson, David P Fairlie, Jeffrey Mak, Sidonia Eckle, Marcela Moreira de Lima, Carolin Tumpach, Michael Bramhall, Cameron G Williams, Hyun Jae Lee, Ashraful Haque, Maximilien Evrard, Jamie Rossjohn, James McCluskey, Alex J. Corbett, Zhenjun Chen. 🔗 https://lnkd.in/gGpUkacd Dive into this groundbreaking research to explore new frontiers in immunology and vaccine development. Earn 1.0 #CME Credit by engaging with this study. #Immunology #MAITCells #VaccineDevelopment #InfectiousDiseases #MedicalResearch #PhysicianInsights

📃Scientific paper: Methionine enkephalin(MENK) upregulated memory T cells in anti-influenza response Abstract: Novel prophylactic drugs and vaccination strategies for protection against influenza virus should induce specific effector T-cell immune responses in pulmonary airways and peripheral lymphoid organs. Designing approaches that promote T-cell-mediated responses and memory T-cell differentiation would strengthen host resistance to respiratory infectious diseases. The results of this study showed that pulmonary delivery of MENK via intranasal administration reduced viral titres, upregulated opioid receptor MOR and DOR, increased the proportions of T-cell subsets including CD8(+) T cells, CD8(+) T(EM) cells, NP/PA-effector CD8(+) T(EM) cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs, and CD4(+)/CD8(+) T(CM) cells in lymph nodes to protect mice against influenza viral challenge. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, on the 10th day of infection, the proportions of CD4(+) T(M) and CD8(+) T(M) cells were significantly increased, which meant that a stable T(CM) and T(EM) lineage was established in the early stage of influenza infection. Collectively, our data suggested that MENK administered intranasally, similar to the route of natural infection by influenza A virus, could exert antiviral activity through upregulating T-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses against influenza virus. Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/wuh ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

📃Scientific paper: Methionine enkephalin(MENK) upregulated memory T cells in anti-influenza response Abstract: Novel prophylactic drugs and vaccination strategies for protection against influenza virus should induce specific effector T-cell immune responses in pulmonary airways and peripheral lymphoid organs. Designing approaches that promote T-cell-mediated responses and memory T-cell differentiation would strengthen host resistance to respiratory infectious diseases. The results of this study showed that pulmonary delivery of MENK via intranasal administration reduced viral titres, upregulated opioid receptor MOR and DOR, increased the proportions of T-cell subsets including CD8(+) T cells, CD8(+) T(EM) cells, NP/PA-effector CD8(+) T(EM) cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs, and CD4(+)/CD8(+) T(CM) cells in lymph nodes to protect mice against influenza viral challenge. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, on the 10th day of infection, the proportions of CD4(+) T(M) and CD8(+) T(M) cells were significantly increased, which meant that a stable T(CM) and T(EM) lineage was established in the early stage of influenza infection. Collectively, our data suggested that MENK administered intranasally, similar to the route of natural infection by influenza A virus, could exert antiviral activity through upregulating T-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses against influenza virus. Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/wuh ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

📃Scientific paper: Methionine enkephalin(MENK) upregulated memory T cells in anti-influenza response Abstract: Novel prophylactic drugs and vaccination strategies for protection against influenza virus should induce specific effector T-cell immune responses in pulmonary airways and peripheral lymphoid organs. Designing approaches that promote T-cell-mediated responses and memory T-cell differentiation would strengthen host resistance to respiratory infectious diseases. The results of this study showed that pulmonary delivery of MENK via intranasal administration reduced viral titres, upregulated opioid receptor MOR and DOR, increased the proportions of T-cell subsets including CD8(+) T cells, CD8(+) T(EM) cells, NP/PA-effector CD8(+) T(EM) cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs, and CD4(+)/CD8(+) T(CM) cells in lymph nodes to protect mice against influenza viral challenge. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, on the 10th day of infection, the proportions of CD4(+) T(M) and CD8(+) T(M) cells were significantly increased, which meant that a stable T(CM) and T(EM) lineage was established in the early stage of influenza infection. Collectively, our data suggested that MENK administered intranasally, similar to the route of natural infection by influenza A virus, could exert antiviral activity through upregulating T-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses against influenza virus. Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/wuh ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

A new study has uncovered a surprising link between Coxsackievirus infections and the destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas—key cells that help regulate blood sugar. 🧬 What’s alarming? While the virus is busy damaging these cells, the body's CD8+ T cell response (a crucial part of our immune defence) remains weak. This could be a game-changer for how we understand Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune disease triggers. As researchers dig deeper into these connections, we may get closer to novel preventive measures, such as targeted vaccines. 🎯 📜 Want to learn more? Dive into the study here: https://lnkd.in/eEs3zucq 💡 Takeaway: The future of diabetes prevention might just lie in better understanding how viral infections push our immune systems off track. #DiabetesResearch #Coxsackievirus #Type1Diabetes #Immunology #T1D #Enterovirus #Infection #GutMicrobiome #GutHealth #Virology #DiabetesAwareness #MedicalResearch #HealthInnovation #Autoimmunity #HealthScience #DiseasePrevention #PublicHealth #Healthcare