Cell Press’ Post

title: - method for creating a phylogenic tree in phylogeny analysis. This tree depicts the different patterns from the MSA analysis such as branching patterns, speciation nodes, duplication nodes and bootstrap value. The evolutionary relationships among examined species are aided by branches that are categorized into sub-branches by nodes. These nodes identify orthologues and paralog proteins from a common ancestor. Common ancestors are indicated for orthologous groups, which demonstrate potential similar functions through speciation.

How to compare phylogenetic trees? The Most Recent Common Ancestor \(MRCA\) refers to the latest individual or organism from which all currently living beings are directly descended in a particular group. In genealogy, it's the youngest common forebear of all people in a population. In evolutionary biology, it represents the last shared ancestor of two different species or groups, shedding light on their evolutionary paths. The MRCA concept is crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships, tracing lineage connections, and studying how populations or species have diverged over time. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dCaQnizn \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

How to compare phylogenetic trees The Most Recent Common Ancestor \(MRCA\) refers to the latest individual or organism from which all currently living beings are directly descended in a particular group. In genealogy, it's the youngest common forebear of all people in a population. In evolutionary biology, it represents the last shared ancestor of two different species or groups, shedding light on their evolutionary paths. The MRCA concept is crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships, tracing lineage connections, and studying how populations or species have diverged over time. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dMs9JxwT \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

How to Define Common Ancestor in a Pedigree In biology and genealogy, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA, also last common ancestor LCA, or concestor) of any set of organisms is the most recent individual from which all organisms in a group are directly descended. The term is also used in reference to the ancestry of groups of genes (haplotypes) rather than organisms. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dEBm7uBY #nikolaysgeneticslessons

How to Analyze Phylogenic Trees A clade \(from Ancient Greek \(kl dos\) 'branch'\), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic \_ that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants \_ on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term cladus \(plural cladi\) is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species \(extinct or extant\). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic \(Greek: "one clan"\) groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms.Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms that the molecular biology arm of cladistics has revealed include that fungi are closer relatives to animals than they are to plants, archaea are now considered different from bacteria, and multicellular organisms may have evolved from archaea. The term "clade" is also used with a similar meaning in other fields besides biology, such as historical linguistics; see Cladistics In disciplines other than biology. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dYXUu25C \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

Flowering Plants Evolution: A Breakthrough Study Unveiled In a groundbreaking study that offers unprecedented insight into the evolution of flowering plants, scientists have deciphered the genetic secrets that propelled angiosperms to dominate the world's flora. The research, recently published in the journal Nature, reveals how flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, have evolved and adapted through millions of years. Unraveling the Roots of Angiosperms Researchers from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and global collaborators have conducted a comprehensive study of genome data for 9,506 species of flowering plants... https://lnkd.in/gcmTGshK

"Which Came First? Doesn't Matter—Just Keep Cracking the Problem!" The classic "chicken and egg problem" is a philosophical dilemma that questions which came first: the chicken or the egg. At its core, it highlights the concept of causality and cyclical processes, sparking debates about the origin of things. In scientific terms, the solution lies in evolutionary biology. Modern chickens evolved from earlier bird species. Therefore, the egg came first, as the creature that laid the first "chicken egg" was not technically a chicken but an evolutionary ancestor. Genetic mutations in the reproductive cells of this pre-chicken species produced the first true chicken within the egg, meaning that the egg predates the chicken in evolutionary terms. So, scientifically, the egg came first. Philosophically, the dilemma touches on deeper questions of existence and causality, often without a definitive answer, depending on the perspective one adopts. #DoTheEvolution

10 Amazing Facts about Systematics - Examsegg Cladogram : Tree like graphic representation of evolutionary history of organism. Dendrogram : When cladogram is base on numerical taxonomy it is called dendrogram.

For the first time in at least a billion years, two lifeforms have merged into a single organism. The process, called primary endosymbiosis, has only happened twice in the history of the Earth, with the first time giving rise to all complex life as we know it through mitochondria. The second time that it happened saw the emergence of plants. Now, an international team of scientists have observed the evolutionary event happening between a species of algae commonly found in the ocean and a bacterium. https://lnkd.in/gKKfNvTW

"We need to reflect on the relationship between the messiness of history and the God who acts in it. This is as true of biological history as it is true of biblical history—or indeed of history at large."⁠ ⁠ Genetic science and evolutionary biology undergird Graeme Finlay’s latest article in CPOSAT (Christian Perspectives on Science and Technology). Being a scientifically and theologically technical article, Finlay covers the topics of “inauspicious beginnings, ambiguity, contingency, cataclysm and extinction, convergence and consummation”, to describe what he sees as parallels between “evolutionary and biblical histories”.⁠ ⁠ Read the full article in CPOSAT, link below: https://lnkd.in/gYhDm5rP ⁠