Summary: The latest revision of Joint Publication 3-14, the doctrine guiding Joint Force operations in space, clarifies the roles of the US Space Command (SPACECOM) and other combatant commands in conducting "offensive and defensive space operations." These operations involve the use of "direct or enabling capabilities" to impact adversary space assets, such as spacecraft in orbit and terrestrial control stations. The update, released on August 23, 2023, is considered one of the most significant overhauls in the document's history, aiming to normalize space as a domain of warfare and align space operations doctrine with the Unified Command Plan. Key Points: The revision clarifies SPACECOM's scope of action, emphasizing "offensive and defensive space operations" supported by "direct capabilities." The doctrine defines SPACECOM's area of responsibility, including exgeosynchronous orbit, cislunar space, lunar orbit, and Earth-Moon Lagrange points. It introduces the concepts of "direct and enabling capabilities" to distinguish between capabilities that inflict harm (direct) and those that support friendly forces (enabling). The document outlines various US military "space mission areas" and their primary reliance on direct or enabling capabilities. It shifts from terms like "space control" and "counterspace" to a more nuanced approach, focusing on "suppression of enemy space capabilities" to achieve relative control of the operational environment when needed. Follow-on Questions: How does the new doctrine impact the United States' approach to space operations in terms of defense and offense? What are the practical implications of the document's definition of "astrographic" boundaries for SPACECOM's area of responsibility? How might the distinction between "direct and enabling capabilities" influence the development of space-related military technologies? How do other nations view the evolution of US space doctrine, and what implications might this doctrine have on international space security efforts? Suggestions for Further Reading or Research: Explore the historical development of space doctrine and its significance in the context of evolving military strategies. Investigate the international response to the United States' efforts to normalize space as a domain of warfare and its impact on space governance and security. Research the development of space capabilities and technologies, particularly those related to direct and enabling capabilities in the context of military space operations. People of Interest: Lt. Gen. John Shaw: As the deputy SPACECOM commander at the time of the document's revision, Lt. Gen. John Shaw played a key role in shaping the new space doctrine. Gen. Chance Saltzman: As the Space Force chief, Gen. Chance Saltzman's perspective on the evolution of space doctrine and the integration of space into military operations is of interest.