📉 Deflation in China
Deflation and inflation, measured by year-on-year CPI decreases and increases, can serve as lagging indicators for consumer sentiment and the overall economic health of any given country.
- generally, countries aim for an inflation rate of around 2-3%.
- China’s target is set at about 3%.
- however, in the second quarter of 2024, China reported a year-on-year CPI increase of only 0.3%
- this modest rise is based on 2023’s very low year-on-year CPI values (annual YoY CPI of 0.2%), with the country even experiencing deflation in July 2023
🔍 While the national picture remains concerning, what about the provinces?
By examining quarterly CPI data by province for the first and second quarters of 2024, several key observations can be made:
- some provinces managed to stay above 0% year-on-year CPI for two consecutive quarters, avoiding deflation
- the majority of provinces moved from deflation to inflation in the second quarter, indicating rising prices and suggesting that consumer demand is picking up again
- a minority of provinces remained in deflation throughout the first two quarters of 2024
- Hebei was the only province that shifted from inflation in the first quarter to deflation in the second quarter
In hindsight, the first signs of recovery are visible. However, it’s important to remember that the comparison base is quite low, and China has been fighting with deflation since April 2023 (as noted in a previous post). Moreover, several challenges continue to weigh on the economy: reduced global consumption (exports account for about 20% of China’s GDP), a weak domestic job market with high unemployment (as discussed in an earlier post), and geopolitical tensions (e.g., tariffs). These, and other factors make the path back to stable inflation in China a difficult one.
🔮 Crystal Ball
Looking ahead to the coming quarters, analysts seem to remain pessimistic about inflation rates. Economists suggest that the deflator (which measures inflation more broadly than the CPI by including price changes across all sectors of the economy, not just consumer goods) may remain negative for the next quarter.
Although I don’t believe China will reach its about-3% target, either this quarter or for the entire year, I am confident that we’ll see a CPI of around 1%, most likely below 1%, for 2024.
#ChinasEconomyInNumbers #Inflation #Deflation #CPI #Provinces #China
Inflation in the graph refers to 1) taking the year-on-year CPI by month; and 2) calculating the average value for a certain quarter
The views and opinions expressed in this post are solely my own and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of my employer, any organizations I am associated with, or any other entity. This content is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended as professional advice.
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