With the Rupee testing a series of lows, it becomes crucial for the RBI to rely on aggressive FX intervention to restrain the exchange rate volatility. In the RBI bulletin of January 2025, the authors talk about buying/selling a currency in the forex market to manipulate the exchange rate of that currency against other foreign currencies. A fine example is the USD/INR buy/sell swaps during the 2013 Taper Tantrums. We see this happening in EMEs/developing countries- India, China, Japan. These interventions follow a ‘lean against the wind’ strategy- a case of tight monetary policy where RBI steps in to stabilise large swings in the Rupee. Let’s consider the BoJ in this scenario- An appreciation of the Yen will prompt the bank to buy US Dollars against Yen in the forex market. This is done through issuing financing bills (FBs). Contrary, when FX intervention is conducted by selling US Dollars against a large depreciation of the Yen, US Dollar funds are used to buy Yen. We have the spot and forward markets but interventions generally take place in the former to benefit from the T+2 settlement (more liquidity). RBI’s forex reserves have dipped from a peak of $705bn in Sept odd to $625 bn in Jan. A stock is said to have a deep market if it has high volume trades with a small spread (bid price - ask price). While, a security has a thin market if the trading volume is low with a wide spread. Even though India’s FX market has mostly been deep, it has become shallow during GFC, Covid, Yen-carry trade and so on.
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Student at Mumbai University Mumbai
4dThey are trying to protect the Indian rupee but still decrease against the dollar