Energy Central’s Post

From 100 million metric tonnes today to 400 million tonnes by 2050, hydrogen consumption is expected to be 4x. Currently, most of the hydrogen consumed is for petrochemical refining and ammonia production, however, there are other emerging use cases like mobility, storage, iron & steel, sustainable aviation fuel, industrial & domestic heating, power generation, etc. Where are you on green hydrogen with your business growth plans? #GreenHydrogen #SustainableFuture #WorldHydrogenDay #HydrogenInnovation #CleanEnergyFuture

Hydrogen Container Market, Hydrogen container market refers to the industry associated with the storage and transportation of hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is an alternative and clean energy source that can be used in fuel cells and other applications. The storage and transportation of hydrogen are critical components of the hydrogen economy, and several types of containers and technologies are used for this purpose. However, please note that the information I provide might not be up-to-date, and developments in this market may have occurred since then. 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐛 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐏𝐃𝐅 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 @ https://lnkd.in/dhTQuDB2 Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Tanks: Cryogenic tanks are commonly used to store and transport hydrogen in its liquid form at extremely low temperatures. These tanks are well-insulated to prevent heat transfer. Composite Pressure Vessels: Composite pressure vessels are lightweight and are used for storing high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. They are typically made of composite materials such as carbon fiber. Metal Hydride Storage: Metal hydride containers can absorb and release hydrogen gas through a chemical reaction with metals. They are used in some niche applications. Tube Trailers: These are specialized trailers used to transport compressed hydrogen gas in high-pressure cylinders. They are often used for short- to medium-distance transportation. Pipeline Transportation: In areas with a developed hydrogen infrastructure, pipelines are used for the transportation of gaseous hydrogen over longer distances. #Hydrogencontainer

Discover the facts about hydrogen safety and preventing embrittlement via this Swagelok FAQ in Global Hydrogen Review: https://lnkd.in/eHNuq2rK  #hydrogen #energy #cleanenergy

Cleveland-Cliffs completes hydrogen injection trial at Indiana blast furnace. By Edward Laity Cleveland-Cliffs has announced a successful completion of a hydrogen injection trial at its Indiana Harbour (IH#7) blast furnace. As the “largest” blast furnace in North America, the project will be the second Cleveland-Cliff blast furnace to utilise hydrogen as a reductant and fuel source, following its successful trial at Middletown Works last year (2023). Linde supplied the hydrogen gas to the project, which will advance Cliffs greenhouse gas reduction efforts. The company recently completed the commissioning of the hydrogen pipeline at Indiana Harbour, which was used for the trial. IH#7 is expected to compare favourably against similar equipment in Japan, South Korea, China, and Europe, and its technological capability will support the production of high-end steels, including highly specified automotive feedstock. Lourenco Goncalves, Cleveland-Cliffs’ Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, said, “IH#7 is the largest blast furnace in North America and we are proud of our ability to be ahead of the curve in using this cutting-edge technology to decarbonise, while maintaining both our efficiency and the high standard of quality that comes with steel produced via the blast furnace route. “As the American iron and steel leader we are proud that we are ahead of the rest of the world in using the technologies that make our blast furnace steel the cleanest in the world, including using iron ore pellets, natural gas injection, HBI, and now hydrogen.” Across the globe, steel manufacturers are looking towards hydrogen to decarbonise. Last year (2023), the European Commission approved a €2.6bn ($2.8bn) German measure to support decarbonising steel production through hydrogen. The funding will be directed towards steel production in Völklingen and Dillingen, Saarland, where there are two blast furnaces and five basic oxygen converters producing crude steel. The UK Government also revealed it will impose a carbon levy on imported steel from 2027, ensuring products from overseas face a comparable price to UK-produced alternatives. Under the new rules, highly traded, carbon intensive products from overseas including iron, steel, aluminium, fertiliser, hydrogen, ceramics, glass and cement will face comparable carbon pricing to those domestically produced. https://lnkd.in/dRFmU4un

"The iron and steel industry is responsible for approximately 30 % of the global industrial CO2 emissions. Achieving 80 % CO2-reduction by 2050, using the actual production routes without breakthrough technologies, seems to be an unattainable goal. Since there are multiple technological pathways to reduce CO2-emissions, different steelmaking routes were analyzed in terms of feedstock consumption, energy demand and carbon saving potential. The direct reduction process may be seen as first step to reduce the CO2-emissions from primary steel production. The high flexibility of this process allows the gradual substitution of syngas derived from natural gas by hydrogen as a single reducing agent. Model-based calculations for the transformation towards a low carbon iron and steel industry were performed in this research. Therefore, process design models for the natural gas as well as a possible design for the hydrogen based DR-process were developed and evaluated. The goal of this study was to point out possible CO2-reduction potentials of the considered routes and the additional energy demand required for the direct reduction with hydrogen. Hence, the availability of sufficient amounts of renewable energy to produce green hydrogen plays a dominant role for the decarbonization of the steel industry." Andreas Spanlang Hermann Wolfmeir Christopher Harris, PhD Thomas Buergler #metallurgy #ironmaking #steelmaking #ironore #directreduction #DRI #naturalgas #hydrogen #carbonemissions #energydemand

Addressing the considerable emissions from industrial iron extraction, amounting to approximately 4.7% of the EU-27's greenhouse gas output, or about 181 million tons of CO2, is of paramount importance. Electrolysis, with an estimated energy consumption up to 46% lower than blast furnaces, emerges as a promising alternative. In our recent study, we have demonstrated that cell configuration significantly affects current efficiency. In addition, we've achieved further system optimization through a comprehensive anode investigation. Check out our latest publication in Chemistry Europe to learn more. The future looks bright for iron electrowinning to #decarbonize steelmaking and advance efficient, #sustainable metals production. https://lnkd.in/eQnrbeJq #ironandsteel #electrolysis #electrolyzer #greenfuture #greenenergysolutions #sustainability

Through to 2050, it is inevitable that post-combustion #ccs will be used to decarbonise heavy industry and fossil-fired power generation. Capturing CO2 after air-fed combustion is expensive, since the #co2 concentration is low, and a huge volume of nitrogen gas must be processed. Pre-combustion CO2 capture has the benefit of operating at high pressure and often with a high CO2 concentration. The consequence is that the combined opex and capex costs per tonne of CO2 captured can be only 50% of post-combustion CO2 capture. Retrofitting CO2 capture to steam methane reformers (SMRs) for refinery hydrogen production represents a cost-effective way to achieve impactful decarbonisation. Additionally, #ammonia and ethylene oxide (EO) production must remove CO2 from the process gases to ensure the chemical reactions and catalyst performance are effective. In these cases, the capex and opex costs of CO2 capture are absorbed into the core process. These applications must represent some of the lowest hanging fruit for rapid decarbonisation of the chemical and petrochemical sectors. Read on in this article that I wrote for Decarbonisation Technology recently...

𝗛𝘆𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗻 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗹 by Energy Innovation Policy and Technology LLC Most #primarysteel (i.e., high-quality #steel originating from #ironore) is made today from the combination of a blast furnace (#BF), responsible for 93 percent of global #ironmaking, and a basic oxygen furnace (#BOF), responsible for 71 percent of global #steelmaking. The two #processes are often integrated in a single system (BF-BOF) and rely heavily on #coal. A loweremitting method involves using #naturalgas to purify iron ore via the direct reduced iron (#DRI) #process, then using #electricity to make steel in an electric arc furnace (#EAF). Hydrogen can replace natural gas in the DRI process, providing a near-term path to fully clean primary steel. Nearly half of #US primary steel #facilities will have to make major #investments to continue #operations. #Policymakers must act quickly to ensure they #transition to cleaner #processes (like DRI plants that can move to 100 percent #cleanhydrogen) to avoid locking in coal-based BF-BOF steelmaking for decades to come. As steel is a highly competitive #globalmarket, #producers need #policy support to ensure they’ll remain profitable through such a #transition. Newer electric-only technologies may someday play a big role, but #hydrogen-based processes are poised for immediate growth and are necessary to clean up steel on a meaningful timeline. There are “Hydrogen Policy's Narrow Path: Fact Sheets” for the following #sectors at the below link too.   🟢 Hydrogen for #Buildings 🟢 Hydrogen for Day-to-Day #Power #Generation 🟢 Hydrogen for #LightDuty #Vehicles 🟢 Hydrogen for #HeavyDuty #Vehicles 🟢 Hydrogen for #Industrial #ProcessHeat 🟢 Hydrogen for Seasonal #ElectricityStorage 🟢 Hydrogen for #Marine #Shipping 🟢 Hydrogen for #Aviation 🟢 Hydrogen for #Petrochemicals 🟢 Hydrogen for #Refining Hydrogen for Ammonia The download link of the documents is here: https://lnkd.in/drV3vrx4

Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron (H-DRI) – Calix Zero Emission Steel Technology engineering study finds economical green iron solution #HydrogenCentral #HydrogenNews #Hydrogen #FuelCell #HydrogenEconomy #HydrogenMarket https://lnkd.in/d5gZm-nK

The most important global technologies for enabling clean steel industry..2 ❇ Direct reduction 🔸 Steel industry technology using hydrogen is usually a direct reduction of iron ore, called hydrogen or H2-DRI-based iron industry. In conventional basic oxygen ovens, iron ore is reduced using carbon fuels such as coke (based on coal), and heating ovens up to 1600 ° C. 🔸 However, in direct reduction, hydrogen can also act as a reductive factor: it reacts with iron ore to remove oxygen, resulting in metal iron, with H2-DRI processes operating under the iron melting point of 1200 ° C. 🔸 The French company GravitHy has received the highest grades in direct reduction, the solution of which works entirely with low-carbon hydrogen. Using the integrated H2-DRI process, GravitHy can produce hot molded iron, a distinct form of direct reduced iron for steel making. This hot molded iron can be stored and shipped long distance for use in electric arc ovens, fuses or high ovens to produce decarbonized steel ❇ Electrolysis 🔸 Electrolysis is when an electric current is passed through an electrolyte (a solution containing ions) to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. In many applications, this means dividing water into hydrogen and oxygen. Electrolysis techniques efficiently produce iron, aluminum, green hydrogen and many other materials. 🔸 Boston Metal's Molten Oxide Electrolysis was a high-grade electrical analysis solution that produced high-purity iron fusion iron from low-quality iron ore using electricity only. It removes the first range emissions attributable to steel production, reduces the third range emissions of end customers and can be applied to any grade of iron ore. 🔸 Although the widespread adoption of electrolysis still faces challenges related to cost, efficiency and infrastructure development, the growing number of green hydrogen projects means that electrolysis technology is likely to continue to grow in popularity. #energyticslimited #renerableenergy #energyefficiency #energyinnovation #cleansteelindustry #zeroemission #directreduction #electrolysis