🚨 Supreme Court's Landmark Verdict in Safari Retreats: Essentiality/Functionality Test for Buildings as 'Plant' under GST 🚨
The Supreme Court has pronounced its much-awaited judgment in Safari Retreats, providing critical clarity on the applicability of Section 17(5) of the GST Act.
Key highlights:
✅ Constitutional Validity Upheld: The Court rejected the challenge to the constitutional validity of clauses (c) and (d) of Section 17(5).
✅ Differentiation in 'Plant' Definition: The expression "plant or machinery" under Section 17(5)(d) cannot be given the same meaning as explained in other contexts of the GST Act. The interpretation is specific and contextual.
✅ Essentiality/Functionality Test: Whether a building (such as a mall, warehouse, etc.) can be classified as a plant under Section 17(5)(d) is a factual question that hinges on the role the building plays in the registered person’s business. The functionality test must be applied to determine the building’s role in facilitating business activities.
✅ Application to Renting/Leasing Businesses: Buildings used for providing services like renting or leasing (as per Schedule II) could be classified as a plant, but the test must be applied case-by-case.
✅ Remand of Cases: Matters previously decided by High Courts (where the provision was read down) are remanded for reconsideration based on this judgment.
This ruling establishes a vital precedent, especially for businesses operating malls, warehouses, or other service-providing buildings, where the essentiality and functionality of the building to the business will be the determining factor for tax treatment.
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