When I write these posts, they’re always based off an historical event, but not just any event. Ideally, it is an event that is:
· related to financial markets or the economy,
· related to a problem or issue facing the world today, and
· not too familiar to readers or, if it is familiar, has an aspect that is less familiar or underappreciated.
This post is different because I’m highlighting an event where not much of anything happened. On this day (March 16) in 1830, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) set its record for fewest number of shares traded (31) on a single day.
The NYSE traces its origin back to 1792 when 24 brokers signed the “Buttonwood Agreement” to govern how they did business. This group lacked a building and a name back then, although it would get both in 1817. The name was the New York Stock and Exchange Board.
Each business day had two trading sessions. In each session, the President of the Exchange would call out a stock listed on the exchange. The brokers (aka members) would be in their fancy chairs (the origin of the term “seat” comes from this) would then make their bids and offers. Once that was done for the stock in question, the process was repeated for each of the stocks listed. If a member failed to attend a session for any reason other than illness, travel, or having been previously excused by the President of the Exchange, he would be fined $0.06. If a member left the room during the calling of the stocks, he would be fined $0.25.
In 1830, financial companies (e.g., banks and insurance companies) dominated the listings and that was reflected on March 16. US Bank traded 26 shares at a price of $119 and 5 shares of Morris Canal & Banking traded at $75.25.
The relative slumber of that trading day would not last and it’s a great example of how a stock exchange can reflect broader national economic forces. In August of 1830, a first for the NYSE occurred when the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad became the first listed railroad. That was the harbinger of the future as railroad tracks blanketed the country and the companies building those railroads required capital and came to the equity markets to get it. Within a few years, most of the listed companies on the NYSE were railroads.