Henver Brunetta’s Post

Thickening of duodenal mucosa has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance and concomitant development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Endoscopic ablation (duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR)) shows promise in reversing these trends but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Work from Nanjing University using a targeted metabolomic strategy illustrated that DMR led to a modified gut microbiome and metabolome that correlated well with enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in T2D patients. #diabetesresearch #gutmicrobiome #metabolomics

Delving into Adiponectin's Role in Metabolic Health Excited to explore the critical role of adiponectin, an adipokine primarily secreted by adipose tissue, in metabolic processes. Adiponectin interacts with AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors, signaling through AMPK and PPAR-α pathways to regulate glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and exert anti-inflammatory effects. Its inverse relationship with metabolic syndromes like obesity and type 2 diabetes, along with its cardiovascular protective properties, makes it a significant focus in research. As a Topic Editor alongside Prof. Dr. Puran S. Bora, I'm keen to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on adiponectin's complex regulation and its potential for therapeutic interventions in metabolic disorders. #MetabolicHealth #Adiponectin #Research #Endocrinology #DiabetesResearch #CardiovascularHealth

We are happy to show the results of our latest work on Finerenone. Considering the pathophysiological role of upregulated #mineralocorticoid receptor signaling in the complications of #obesity, we tested the vasoactive properties of #finerenone, a nonsteroidal MR antagonist, in arteries of human adipose tissue with wire myograph technique. Finerenone is able to relax visceral #adipose tissue #arteries of #obese humans and this effect is independent of release of nitric oxide and is unlikely to be mediated by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Similar to nifedipine, finerenone induces relaxation also in vessels contracted by the dihydropiridinic calcium agonist Bay K8644, thereby suggesting a direct effect on LTCCs in vascular smooth muscle cells. In conclusion our finding identifies a novel mechanism by which finerenone may improve adipose tissue perfusion, hence protecting against the #cardiometabolic complications of obesity. #research #university #torvergata #cattolica #gemelli

With the current debate surrounding the natural supplement ginkgo biloba (GB), a new study has been published regarding stroke victims and brain cognitive function. In the study, many individuals within 48 hours of having a stroke were given ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine (GDLM), an injection containing active components of GB. Assessments were conducted at 14 and 90 days into treatment, and positive results were observed both times. At 14 days, stroke survivors who received GDLM had a higher cognitive score compared to those who received a placebo. By 90 days, there was an improvement of 20% higher than the placebo group. The study found that GDLM not only improved cognitive function but also provided neuroprotection by expanding blood vessels and increasing tolerance to oxygen deprivation in the brain. Furthermore, it offered anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic benefits, referring to the prevention of cell death in the body, while also decreasing neurodegeneration. While more time may be needed to observe long-term effects, this clinical trial is an excellent example of the benefits of alternative medicine. URL for the study here: https://lnkd.in/e2teEa5N

Olfactory receptors (ORs) are one of the largest and most under-researched families of G protein-coupled receptors in mammals. According to this recent study, ectopically expressed ORs play critical roles in the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and primary metabolic organs. This research has crucial implications for the health and wellness industry, particularly in the areas of heart disease, microbiota, and metabolism. Check out the link below for more information on this fascinating field of biotechnology! Source: https://lnkd.in/gWviW8C2 #cardiovascular #kidney #metabolism #heartdisease #microbiota #G-protein-coupled receptors #GPCR #receptor #biotechnology #smell #olfactory #health #wellness #innovation #olfaction #scent #signalingpathway

I’m thrilled to share our latest study exploring the role of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) in kidney function, published now! Traditionally known for its role in modulating oxygen affinity in red blood cells, BPGM may have a significant and previously unrecognized role in the kidney. Using a specialized knockout mouse model, we found that the absence of BPGM disrupts glucose metabolism in the distal nephron, leading to metabolic imbalances, oxidative stress, inflammation, and ultimately kidney injury. Key Highlights: 🔬 BPGM is localized to the distal nephron and plays a vital role in maintaining glucose metabolism. 🧬 Its knockout results in rapid kidney injury, including tubular damage and fibrosis. 💡 Proteomic analyses reveal BPGM's involvement in glycolysis, oxidative stress response, and inflammation. This work sheds light on a critical metabolic pathway in renal health and opens doors for potential new therapeutic approaches for kidney injury! Check out the full study here [Insert Link]. #KidneyResearch #Metabolism #BPGM #RenalPhysiology #BiomedicalResearch #OxidativeStress #Glycolysis #ScientificDiscovery

In this study, investigators found that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from individuals with obesity contains more neutrophils than in those without obesity. The presence of VAT neutrophils, distinct from peripheral blood neutrophils, was associated with a distinct bacterial community and potentially translocation, suggesting that bacteria may drive neutrophil recruitment. There was also a rise in pro-inflammatory cells and a drop in immunoregulatory T cells in VAT only if there was a transient spike in neutrophils. What can we, T1D researchers, learn from this and other conditions? Are neutrophils, peripheral blood or tissue specific, being overlooked as therapeutic targets in T1D? There is data showing neutrophilia prior to diagnosis, their accumulation in the islets and that they have a unique signature in new-onset T1D. Food for thought. #microbiome #neutrophils #adiposity

Liver X Receptors (LXRs) first came to my attention in the mid-1990s, researched by various scientific teams under different names. However, it wasn’t until the mid-2000s that research into these receptors intensified, with scientists documenting some eye-opening mechanisms. My collaborators frequently share new studies and review papers, asking me to disseminate knowledge and facilitate collaboration within the scientific and practitioner communities. Given their potential to inform treatment strategies for major cardiometabolic and immune health issues like obesity, fatty liver, diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and cancer, there has been a significant emphasis on exploring their therapeutic applications as pharmaceuticals. Preclinical studies have shown promise, prompting various groups of scientists and clinicians to investigate diverse possibilities. Animal studies, particularly those involving mice, have yielded promising findings regarding the activation of LXRs. For instance, numerous animal studies suggest that activating LXRs can boost HDL levels, decrease artery blockage, enhance insulin sensitivity, balance blood sugar levels, and regulate stress hormones, potentially improving insulin response and aiding in weight management. As documented in this paper in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. “The nuclear hormone receptor liver X receptor (LXR) is induced by insulin and is a key regulator of lipid metabolism. It promotes lipogenesis (fat synthesis) and cholesterol efflux (removing cholesterol from cells) but suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation.” More importantly, studies highlighting their potential implications for conditions like diabetes, heart disease, dementia, and cancer truly caught my attention. In response, I decided to write this high-level story to raise awareness among scientists, clinicians, and the public. You can read this eye-opening article via my friend link on Medium #health #science #research https://lnkd.in/gbRBFZgt

Lipoprotein lipidomics --- Lipoproteins are crucial for transporting lipids and nutrients in the body, playing a key role in lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia. Understanding their lipid composition is vital, given their connection to various metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease. To address this, researchers developed a lipidomics analysis method for various lipoproteins like chylomicrons, very low-density, low-density, and high-density lipoproteins. Using their method they detected around 100 unique lipid species with good reproducibility and obtained information on the fatty acid composition of both lipoproteins and lipids. This approach allows for a detailed analysis of the lipid and fatty acid composition of lipoproteins, making it suitable for studying lipid-related diseases in clinical cohorts. Read the publication here: https://lnkd.in/eZWCJnby #research #lipid #lipidomics #LipidMetabolism #lipotype #lipidome #lipoprotein

⚠️ #Gut #microbiota-host #lipid crosstalk in #Alzheimer’s disease❗️ ❇️Throughout the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), GM metabolites such as #BAs, #SCFAs, and #LPS interact with cholesterol, thereby modulating AD pathology. ❇️SCFAs bind to #GPR43 and GPR109A receptors, modulate cholesterol and lipid metabolism, activate MAPK pathway, and suppress #NF_κB pathway. ❇️ #Propionic acid binds to GPR41 in brain endothelial cells, 👉🏻hinders low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(LRP-1) expression through a CD14-dependent mechanism 👉🏻 shields the blood-brain barrier from oxidative stress via NRF2 signaling. ❇️Butyrate, acting as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has demonstrated the ability to⤵️ Elevate the expression of genes associated with learning, restore histone acetylation, and markedly enhance learning and memory ability in AD. ❇️Acetate enhances cognition by facilitating #histone H3K18 acetylation. ❇️Ceramide (Cer) levels escalate in AD, stabilizing BACE1 and fostering Aβ production, whereas sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) exhibits neuroprotective effects, and its ⬇️ facilitates neurodegeneration. ❇️Tryptophan metabolites (TRYCATs) are intricately associated with sphingolipids through the AhR receptor. ❇️Fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ⬇️ in AD, playing a role in inhibiting Aβ generation. ❇️Arachidonic acid (AA) is a prominent participant in neuroinflammation, instigating neuronal degeneration. ❇️Palmitic acid (PA), a representative saturated fatty acid, fosters AD through heightened β-secretase activity and tau hyperphosphorylation. ❇️Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) exacerbates AD progression by promoting fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress. ❇️There is a ⬇️ in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). ♦️PC exhibits a negative correlation with the severity of AD pathology, while PE serves as a prognostic indicator for patients with mild cognitive impairment. ❇️Plasmalogens (PlsEtns) mitigate tau phosphorylation and experience downregulation in AD. ❇️Cholesterol, a pivotal lipid in AD, notably ⬆️ in the brain, accompanied by a significant elevation in cholesterol esters (CE). ♦️Cholesterol and CE play pivotal roles in AD, contributing to Aβ pathology, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. ❇️Supplementation with potential beneficial bacteria through probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation impede or slow the pathological progression of AD. 📌To sum up, microbial metabolites not only interact with key lipid metabolism genes such as APOE, TREM2, ABCA1, ABCA7, SREBP1, SREBP2, and CLU but also participate in AD lipid metabolism and pathological processes by regulating Aβ and tau pathologies, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction,and epigenetic regulation. 🖇Plz read more on the topic here👉🏻: https://lnkd.in/d_iduvAx