Ibrahim Shehata 🇵🇸’s Post

To all my friends around the world who are searching for the right narrative of the Palestinian-Zionist conflict, I highly recommend you watch this episode. Each statement is based on sources in the description box below the video.

💡Some important abbreviations when dealing with valves: 🔹FC / FTC Failure closed (valve will go to the closed position in case of failure/loss of driving energy). 🔹FO / FTO Failure open (valve will go to the open position in case of failure/loss of driving energy). 🔹FL Failure locked (valve will stay in last position in case of failure/loss of driving energy). 🔹LC Valve is locked in closed position. 🔹LO Valve is locked in open position. 🔹CSO Valve Car Sealed Open. 🔹CSC Valve Car Sealed Closed.

📄Design basis Is a structured document includes information that identifies the specific functions to be performed by a structure, system, or component of a facility and the specific values or ranges of values chosen for controlling parameters as reference bounds for design. 🔹The conceptual and feasibility stage help to set up the design basis. 🔹Time spent upfront to develop the comprehensive design basis will prevent significant costs in rework later in the project. 💡Key issues for the process design basis: 🔸Project Description: Project name Ownership Brief description 🔸Plant capacity: Production capacity Turndown ratio Storage capacity Utilities capacities 🔸Design scope, battery limit and plant expansion. 🔸Product specification. 🔸Feed stock: Raw materials Catalysts Chemicals 🔸Site information: Climatic data Ambient air composition for design Plant area 🔸General requirements: Codes and standards Material specification Measuring units Numbering system Fluid codes Pressure relief and flare system Emissions Plant life Corrosion allowance Requirement for cathodic protection Painting Insulation Sparing philosophy Fire protection 🔸Plant layout. 🔸Equipment design. 🔸Piping design. 🔸Instrumentation. 🔸Electrical. 🔸Recommended Velocities.

📄PFD (Process Flow Diagrams) 🔹Is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. 🔹A process flow diagram provides a quick overview of the entire operating unit or a system. 🔹A technician or engineer can use this document to trace the flow of materials through the unit. 🔹The flow diagram is also used for visitor information and new employee training. 💡A typical PFD always gives information like: 🔸The capacity and operating information of the equipment. 🔸Composition of fluid in a system. 🔸All control valves and process critical valves are indicated in PFD. 📝Terms which is frequently used in the PFD: ▪️Major Equipment. ▪️Main Process piping. ▪️Major Control loops ▪️Flow direction. ▪️Connections with other systems. ▪️Operational data: This includes pressure, temperature, the volume of fluid, density, mass-energy balance, and mass flow rate. 🗳️Process flow diagrams generally do not include: ▪️Minor bypass lines ▪️Instrumentation ▪️Trips and Interlocks ▪️Isolation and shutoff valves ▪️vents and drains ▪️Flanges