Elevator Pitch. On January 8, 1790, President George Washington FIRST established the practice of reporting to the U.S. Congress once a year. Article II, Section 3, Clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution requires that the President ". . . shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient."
President Washington gave Congress his FIRST annual message — now known as the "State of the Union" — on January 8, 1790. He addressed Congress in person in the U.S. Senate Chamber of Federal Hall in New York City, New York (the temporary seat of our government at that time).
The second President, John Adams, also conveyed his annual messages in person.
Adams' successor, Thomas Jefferson, ended the practice. President Jefferson sent his messages to Congress in writing. For his FIRST annual message, Jefferson had his private secretary deliver copies to the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate to be read by clerks. In an attached letter, Jefferson states that appearing in person is too time-consuming, and he wants to give Congress "relief from the embarrassment of immediate answers on subjects not yet fully before them."
Jefferson's written communication with Congress began a tradition that lasted over a hundred years. The 28th President, Woodrow Wilson, broke custom by personally addressing a joint session of the 63rd Congress on December 2, 1913, in the form of a speech.
With few exceptions, all subsequent Presidents have made it a tradition to deliver an annual message before a joint session of Congress. For example, President John F. Kennedy practiced his prepared remarks in a U.S. Capitol elevator pre-State of the Union on January 11, 1962.
This message, which serves as an opportunity for the President to address the Nation and the Congress on the state of the country and their policy agenda, has become known as the "State of the Union" address. The term "State of the Union" was FIRST coined during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt and became a common phrase in American political discourse during Harry Truman's administration.
The "State of the Union" address has become a crucial event on the political calendar, allowing the President to outline their vision for the coming year and for the American people to hear directly from their elected leader.
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