The Journal of Clinical Investigation’s Post

For those interested in HIV infection of the central nervous system, our group has recently published a paper titled 'Unraveling the Triad of Neuroinvasion, Neurodissemination, and Neuroinflammation of HIV-1 in the Central Nervous System' in Reviews in Medical Virology (https://lnkd.in/dVmXD5H6).

I have always wondered about this: Why are women so much more susceptible to autoimmune diseases than men, accounting for ~80% of all cases? A new explanation for the discrepancy has emerged: a molecular coating typically found on half of a woman’s X chromosomes — but not in males’ cells. It is a mix of RNA and proteins that is central to the developmental process X-chromosome inactivation and might be provoking unwanted immune responses. Importantly, this discovery may point to new diagnostic & therapeutic opportunities. https://lnkd.in/es73XsNi #immunology #science

https://lnkd.in/dZbxNKNk MISSED OPPORTUNITIES COUNT!!! PLEASE DIAGNOSE AND TREAT EARLY SYHILIS!!! There are many gray areas in the diagnosis and management of neurosyphilis. These include when to perform a CSF examination-including the role of CSF examinations in persons with HIV, how to interpret CSF parameters, treatment options in those unable or unwilling to receive intravenous penicillin, and the role of enhanced intramuscular BPG therapy to supplement intravenous penicillin therapy. VACCINES ARE NEEDED!!! https://lnkd.in/dNwBSvtS REVIEW article Front. Immunol., 05 April 2023 Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics Volume 14 - 2023 | https://lnkd.in/dEXViS-8 Syphilis vaccine: challenges, controversies and opportunities Carlos Ávila-Nieto1,2* Núria Pedreño-López1 Oriol Mitjà3,4,5 Bonaventura Clotet1,4,5,6,7 Julià Blanco1,5,6,7 Jorge Carrillo1,6

Acquired Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis in a Solid Organ Transplant Recipient https://lnkd.in/d_bj4bB8

#immunology #bloodpressure #hypertension https://lnkd.in/giTdhBGq Abstract Hypertension is a leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite current anti-hypertensive therapies, most individuals with hypertension fail to achieve adequate blood pressure control. Moreover, even with adequate control, a residual risk of #cardiovascular events and associated organ damage remains. These findings suggest that current treatment modalities are not addressing a key element of the underlying pathology. Emerging evidence implicates #immune #cells as key mediators in the development and progression of hypertension. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the diverse roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in hypertension, highlighting key findings from human and rodent studies. We explore mechanisms by which these immune cells promote hypertensive pathophysiology, shedding light on their multifaceted involvement. In addition, we highlight advances in our understanding of autoimmunity, HIV and immune checkpoints that provide valuable insight into mechanisms of chronic and dysregulated inflammation in hypertension.

When the Central Nervous System reservoir of millions expands faster than our knowledge, it is prudent to draw parallels in the middle of a pandemic. Unfortunately, this has been lost on many and Jack Russel now suffers the consequences of ignoring the work of Kenneth Podell and others who predicted his diagnosis on September 29th, 2020. Multiple Neuroinvasive Pathways in COVID-19 https://lnkd.in/eApQv223 "One can draw on the experience with an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The initial understanding of HIV/AIDS was that of the virus affecting the immune system by depleting T cells, which resulted in opportunistic infections of multiple organs, including the brain. However, it did not take long to discover that the disease could also attack the brain directly, which resulted in long-term cognitive impairment. Subsequently, HIV encephalopathy and AIDS dementia complex leading to long-term cognitive impairment were discovered [87]. Based on the emerging literature, it is reasonable to hypothesize a somewhat similar scenario may unfold in relationship to COVID-19." After his infection, he experienced conversion from ignored Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment. At some point, he suffered from the functional equivalent of Mild Neurocognitive Decline. Finally, there was enough a-synuclein aggregation due to a SARS-Cov-2 protein operating mechanistically as HIV's Vpr to result in what would be an AIDS Dementia Complex diagnosis in the form of Lewy Body Dementia. Intellectual capital? What's that? Curious in learning more about what I have coined SARS-Cov-2 Associated Neurocognitive Decline after reading journal articles spanning two years and borrowing from forty years of evidenced based medicine? Read here. Millions Of Americans Would Give Anything To Have SAND Between Their Toes, Instead It Is Between Their Ears https://lnkd.in/eET_FE6F

#bloodpressure #immunology #hypertension  #medicine #medicalsciences https://lnkd.in/giTdhBGq Abstract Hypertension is a leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite current anti-hypertensive therapies, most individuals with hypertension fail to achieve adequate blood pressure control. Moreover, even with adequate control, a residual risk of #cardiovascular events and associated organ damage remains. These findings suggest that current treatment modalities are not addressing a key element of the underlying pathology. Emerging evidence implicates #immune #cells as key mediators in the development and progression of hypertension. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the diverse roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in hypertension, highlighting key findings from human and rodent studies. We explore mechanisms by which these immune cells promote hypertensive pathophysiology, shedding light on their multifaceted involvement. In addition, we highlight advances in our understanding of autoimmunity, HIV and immune checkpoints that provide valuable insight into mechanisms of chronic and dysregulated inflammation in hypertension.

New from JN Learning: Bilateral Blurry Vision After a Liver Transplant https://lnkd.in/gbRHpknM

World Primary Immunodeficiency Week Our immune system is suppose to protect us from infections, with primary immunodeficiency this does not happen properly. The immune system is either weak, or focused on something it shouldn’t be. Without a fully functional immune system individuals are more prone to infection, some of these individuals may require stem cell or bone marrow transplants in order to boost the immune system. For more information about PI go to: https://lnkd.in/gei5aNWj #immunesystem #primaryimmunodeficiency

Steatorrhea Crash Course # 5 Small bowel causes of steatorrhea: 1. Celiac disease 2. Tropical sprue 3. Whipple's disease 4. Lymphoma 5. HIV enteropathy 6. Giardiasis Rare causes of steatorrhea: 1. Orlistat --> weight loss medicine approved by the FDA in the U.S --> inactivates pancreatic lipase (pH-sensitive) --> steatorrhea 2. Zollinger Ellison syndrome --> increased production of gastric acid under the influence of gastrin --> inactivates the pancreatic lipase (pH-sensitive) --> steatorrhea Please like, follow, share, repost, and comment if you like my content. I try my best to respond to every comment personally. If you want to see all of my future posts, hit the bell icon next to my profile. If you want to see all of my videos, please subscribe to my YouTube channel here. https://lnkd.in/gGg7KuBt