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Express method how to find inbreeding coefficient Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expression of deleterious or recessive traits resulting from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity. Animals avoid incest only rarely. Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive traits. In extreme cases, this usually leads to at least temporarily decreased biological fitness of a population \(called inbreeding depression\), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is colloquially referred to as inbred. The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations sometimes has positive effects on fitness-related traits, but also sometimes leads to negative effects known as outbreeding depression. However, increased homozygosity increases probability of fixing beneficial alleles and also slightly decreases probability of fixing deleterious alleles in population. Inbreeding can result in purging of deleterious alleles from a population through purifying selection. \#NikolaysGeneticsLessons \#genetics \#phenotype \#genotype \#narrowSenseHeritability \#broadSenseHeritability \#breeding \#selection \#traits \#breedingValue \#population \#estimatedBreedingValues \#Prepotency \#pedigree \#DNA \#quantitativeTrait \#populationGenetics \#pureLine \#SelectiveBreeding \#artificialSelection \#phenotypicTraits \#breeds \#Siamese \#f1Savannah \#f1Bengal \#hybridCatSpecies \#exoticPets Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dyZVNEnQ \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

Three methods of Inbreeding calculations Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expression of deleterious or recessive traits resulting from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity. Animals avoid incest only rarely. Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive traits. In extreme cases, this usually leads to at least temporarily decreased biological fitness of a population \(called inbreeding depression\), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is colloquially referred to as inbred. The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations sometimes has positive effects on fitness-related traits, but also sometimes leads to negative effects known as outbreeding depression. However, increased homozygosity increases probability of fixing beneficial alleles and also slightly decreases probability of fixing deleterious alleles in population. Inbreeding can result in purging of deleterious alleles from a population through purifying selection. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dnmecgRz \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

How to Find Inbreeding Coefficient \(practice problem\) Inbreeding \(i.e., breeding between closely related individuals\) results in more recessive traits manifesting themselves, as the genomes of pair-mates are more similar. Recessive traits can only occur in an offspring if present in both parents' genomes. The more genetically similar the parents are, the more often recessive traits appear in their offspring. Consequently, the more closely related the breeding pair is, the more homozygous, deleterious genes the offspring may have, resulting in very unfit individuals. For alleles that confer an advantage in the heterozygous and/or homozygous-dominant state, the fitness of the homozygous-recessive state may even be zero \(meaning sterile or unviable offspring\). Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dqVFd5cQ \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

How to Calculate Inbreeding from Pedigrees Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expression of deleterious or recessive traits resulting from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity. Animals avoid incest only rarely. Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive traits. In extreme cases, this usually leads to at least temporarily decreased biological fitness of a population \(called inbreeding depression\), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is colloquially referred to as inbred. The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations sometimes has positive effects on fitness-related traits, but also sometimes leads to negative effects known as outbreeding depression. However, increased homozygosity increases probability of fixing beneficial alleles and also slightly decreases probability of fixing deleterious alleles in population. Inbreeding can result in purging of deleterious alleles from a population through purifying selection. Calculate the inbreeding coefficient \(Fx\) of the offspring denoted by \(X\) of the mating between the first cousins \(P\) and \(Q \)\(happens in animals\), assuming Fa=0.05, Fb=0.24. \#inbreeding \#pedigreeanalysis \#breeding \#NikolaysGeneticsLessons \#genetics \#phenotype \#genotype \#narrowSenseHeritability \#broadSenseHeritability \#Breeding \#Selection \#traits \#breedingValue \#population \#estimatedBreedingValues \#Prepotency \#pedigree \#DNA \#quantitativeTrait \#populationGenetics \#pureLine \#SelectiveBreeding \#artificialSele Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dUMWYHJB \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

How to calculate inbreeding coefficient The inbreeding coefficient \(F\) is a measure of inbreeding and can be defined as both the probability that two alleles at any given locus are identical by descent \(alleles are descendents from a single ancestor\) and the probable proportion of an individual's loci containing genes that are identical by descent. \#NikolaysGeneticsLessons \#Inbreeding \#Heterozygosity \#genetics \#chromosome \#homozygous \#phenoype \#genotype \#genetics \#CoefficientOfRelationship \#GeneticsFieldOfStudy \#inbreedingCoefficient \#pedigrees \#geneticDiversity \#inbreedingDefects \#whatHappensWhenYouInbreed \#inbreedingInHumans \#whatHappensWithInbreeding \#inbreed \#inbreedingDogs \#outbreeding \#whatBreedingDoes \#inbreedingDefinition \#bloodRelations \#PedigreeChart \#pathCoefficientMethod Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dHcg_Vp5 \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

How to Find Inbreeding Coefficient (advanced problem) What is inbreeding and how can it impact health? Inbreeding, put simply, is the mating of related individuals _ those individuals with common ancestors. High levels of inbreeding can impact the health of individual dogs, as it increases the chances of a dog being at risk for both known and unknown inherited disorders. It could also have an impact on the breed as a whole, for example, a reduction in litter size and fertility. It is impossible to make precise predictions about the exact impact that inbreeding has on an individual dog, but we do know that, as the degree of inbreeding increases, the risk of having a serious and harmful impact on the breed as a whole will increase. How can you measure the degree of inbreeding? The degree of inbreeding can be measured by using a Coefficient of Inbreeding (COI). This is the probability that two copies of the same variant at a gene have been inherited from an ancestor common to both the sire and dam. The lower the degree of inbreeding, the lower the inbreeding coefficient. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dmYCznHz #nikolaysgeneticslessons

Advanced inbreeding calculations Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expression of deleterious or recessive traits resulting from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity. Animals avoid incest only rarely. Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive traits. In extreme cases, this usually leads to at least temporarily decreased biological fitness of a population \(called inbreeding depression\), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is colloquially referred to as inbred. The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations sometimes has positive effects on fitness-related traits, but also sometimes leads to negative effects known as outbreeding depression. However, increased homozygosity increases probability of fixing beneficial alleles and also slightly decreases probability of fixing deleterious alleles in population. Inbreeding can result in purging of deleterious alleles from a population through purifying selection. \#inbreeding \#pedigreeanalysis \#breeding \#NikolaysGeneticsLessons \#Genetics \#Phenotype \#Genotype \#narrowSenseHeritability \#broadSenseHeritability \#breeding \#selection \#traits \#breedingValue \#population \#estimatedBreedingValues \#Prepotency \#pedigree \#DNA \#quantitativeTrait \#populationGenetics \#pureLine \#SelectiveBreeding \#artificialSelection \#phenotypicTraits \#breeds \#Siamese \#f1Savannah \#f1Bengal \#hybridCatSpecies \#exoticPets Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dWRYAGYG \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

How inbreeding works Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding, or breeding of related individuals. ... In general, the higher the genetic variation or gene pool within a breeding population, the less likely it is to suffer from inbreeding depression. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dRKjzqJt \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

Tricky Relationship Problem and Solution (genetics advanced level) The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. ... A coefficient of inbreeding can be calculated for an individual, and is typically one-half the coefficient of relationship between the parents. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/djBhSGMa #nikolaysgeneticslessons

Hardy-Weinberg problem and inbreeding In population genetics, the Hardy\_Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy\_Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. When matings take place between relatives, the pattern is referred to as inbreeding. Inbreeding tends to reduce diversity within populations \(but may increase diversity, or at least the variance, among populations\). In a complete selfing population, the number of heterozygotes at any given locus decreases. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dxDftJHz \#nikolays_genetics_lessons