Likhitha C’s Post

**Oral Cancer Topic No. 4:Unveiling Spindle Cell Carcinoma: Insights into Diagnosis, Treatment, and Awareness 1. **Identification**: Spindle cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare type of cancer characterized by elongated spindle-shaped cells, often found in the skin, lungs, or digestive tract. 2. **Diagnostic Challenge**: Diagnosing SCC can be challenging due to its resemblance to other types of cancer, emphasizing the need for accurate pathological assessment. 3. **Treatment Options**: Treatment modalities for SCC vary based on factors such as tumor location, size, and stage. Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. 4. **Importance of Early Detection**: Early detection of spindle cell carcinoma is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals can lead to earlier diagnoses. 5. **Multidisciplinary Approach**: Managing SCC often requires a multidisciplinary team involving oncologists, pathologists, surgeons, and other specialists to tailor treatment plans to individual patient needs. 6. **Patient Education and Support**: Educating patients about spindle cell carcinoma, its symptoms, and available treatment options empowers them to participate actively in their care and decision-making process. 7. **Research and Innovation**: Ongoing research and innovation in cancer treatment are essential for advancing our understanding of spindle cell carcinoma and developing more effective therapies. 8. **Advocacy and Awareness**: By raising awareness about spindle cell carcinoma within the medical community and beyond, we can improve early detection, support research efforts, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes. Let's work together to increase awareness and understanding of spindle cell carcinoma, ultimately making a positive impact on cancer care. #SpindleCellCarcinoma #CancerAwareness #MedicalResearch

If this treatment can be done on all patients with cancer , we could beat cancer = all it takes is to find that specific genetic makeup for each type of cancer. bioinformatic can help find that specific genetic makeup. (Patients with colon cancer with a specific genetic makeup, known as mismatch-repair deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instable (MSI) were treated with one cycle of ipilimumab and two cycles of nivolumab. In 95% of patients, the tumor was either complete or almost completely gone, which was measured as 10% or less cancer cells found at the time of surgery. In 68% of patients there were no live cancer cells. )

More succes for neoadjuvant immunotherapy: results of the NICHE-2 trial show it to be highly effective in a subset of patients with colon cancer. The treatment, which consisted of two cycles of immunotherapy prior to surgery, was effective in almost all patients. In two third of patients, there were no longer any live tumor cells at the time of surgery. Patients with colon cancer with a specific genetic makeup, known as mismatch-repair deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instable (MSI) were treated with one cycle of ipilimumab and two cycles of nivolumab. In 95% of patients, the tumor was either complete or almost completely gone, which was measured as 10% or less cancer cells found at the time of surgery. In 68% of patients there were no live cancer cells. Myriam Chalabi: “Now, more than two years after treatment, none of the patients saw recurrence even though many had high-risk tumors. The results are unprecedented. The efficacy as well as the side-effects are much better compared to chemotherapy before surgery, a treatment that only works in 1 out of 20 patients.” “We have reached the point where we can forgo chemotherapy before surgery in this and comparable studies in patients with colorectal cancer who respond well to neoadjuvant immunotherapy. The next and crucial step is to make this treatment available as a standard treatment. That is what we are currently working towards. And eventually we hope to even provide the option of avoiding surgery in patients who respond well.” These groundbreaking discoveries were made as part of the NICHE-2 trial at the Netherlands Cancer Institute and have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine NEJM Group. More on ⬇️ https://bit.ly/45k6gcb #chalabiplot #immunotherapy #nki #cancerresearch #coloncancer

🔬Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Immunohistochemistry Test🔬🔍 🔹Definition: Triple-negative breast cancer is one of the types of malignant cancers that constitute 10 -15% of breast cancers that affect women and men as well.🎗🎗 🔹During the diagnosis phase, the oncologist takes a biopsy in the clinic or through surgery and sends it to the laboratory to determine the type and grade of the tumor, then performs a test called immunohistochemistry. 🔹Mechanism: The pathologist analyzes this test by taking these cells and then placing them on microscopic glass slides to determine the presence or absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HR2 receptors on the surface of the cells.👩🔬📝 🔹The goal is to identify the hormones that contribute to tumor growth and predict treatment responses.✅ 🔹Receptor status and type of treatment ⚕ If the results show estrogen receptors positive (+) and progesterone receptors positive (+), then hormonal therapy is effective to reduce or prevent estrogen production. Common examples of hormonal therapy are: ✔Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMS) ✔aromatase inhibitors 🔹But a negative result (-) for the receptors mentioned above means that hormonal therapy will be useless, so in many cases, the oncologist's plan is limited to chemotherapy.🚫 🔹On the other hand, when the test shows that the receptor is HER2 positive (+), this means that an additional treatment option for the patient is available, which is targeted molecular therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 🔹Last but not least, if the result appears negative for all three hormonal receptors, this clearly indicates triple-negative breast cancer that is treated with other options to control and treat it, such as: ✔Surgery ✔Chemotherapy and radiotherapy ✔Immunotherapy in Advanced stages Finally, it is clear that the positive result of the test moves the patient to the other side, which includes broader and more targeted treatments for cancer cells, but physicians are looking forward to the deeper discovery of immunotherapy, which may be a lifeline for patients with triple-negative breast cancer in the near future.❕❕👨⚕️👩⚕️ Ref. Breastcancer.org #breast_cancer #immunohistochemistry #hormone_therapy

TREATMENT THURSDAY 𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝘆𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗱 𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿 If you’re diagnosed with thyroid cancer, you’ll be assigned a care team, who will devise a treatment plan for you. Your recommended treatment plan will depend on the type and grade of your cancer, and whether your care team thinks that a complete cure is realistically achievable. 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗺 All NHS hospitals have multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) that treat thyroid cancer. An MDT is made up of a number of different specialists, and may include: - a surgeon - an endocrinologist (a specialist in treating hormonal conditions) - an oncologist (a cancer treatment specialist) - a pathologist (a specialist in diseased tissue) - a radiotherapist or clinical oncologist (a specialist in non-surgical methods of treating cancer, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy) - a specialist cancer nurse, who will usually be your first point of contact with the rest of the team Deciding on the best course of treatment can be difficult. Your cancer team will make recommendations after reviewing your case, but the final decision will be yours. Before you go to hospital to discuss your treatment options, you may want to write a list of questions to ask the specialist. For example, you may want to find out what the advantages and disadvantages of particular treatments are. 𝗧𝗵𝘆𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗺𝘆 In almost all cases of thyroid cancer it’s necessary to either remove some of your thyroid gland in a procedure called a hemithyroidectomy, or all of your thyroid gland (total thyroidectomy). This decision will be influenced by: - the type of thyroid cancer you have - the size of the tumour - whether or not the cancer has spread beyond your thyroid gland Your surgeon should discuss with you the type of surgery required and why so you can make an informed decision. A thyroidectomy is carried out under a general anaesthetic and usually takes around 2 hours. The operation will leave a small scar on your neck, which shouldn’t be very noticeable. In a small number of cases, it may cause permanent hoarseness. #treatmentthursday #education #medicalconditions

Advancing Care in Gynecological Oncology: Early-Stage Vulvar Cancer 🔬 🩺 A comprehensive review by Priscila Grecca Pedrão, Yasmin Medeiros Guimarães, Luani Rezende Godoy, Júlio César Possati Resende, Adriane Cristina Bovo, Carlos Eduardo Mattos Cunha Andrade, Adhemar Longatto-Filho, Ricardo Dos Reis offers new insights into the management of early-stage vulvar cancer, a rare but significant gynecological malignancy. Key Points: Vulvar cancer, primarily squamous cell carcinoma, has two main clinicopathological subtypes, each with distinct etiologies and demographic profiles. The increasing incidence in younger women, typically associated with HPV infection, underscores the need for tailored treatment approaches. Standard treatment involves surgery, often complemented by radiotherapy, depending on the disease stage and histopathology. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has emerged as a crucial component of treatment, reducing complications and informing staging with minimal invasiveness. The review highlights the evolution from invasive surgery to conservative approaches, maintaining oncologic safety while reducing morbidity. Recurrence management and the importance of long-term follow-up are emphasized due to varying prognoses associated with local, groin-associated, or distant recurrences. 🌟 This article provides valuable guidance for healthcare professionals in managing vulvar cancer, focusing on reducing treatment morbidity while ensuring patient safety. 📈 Earn 1.0 CME Credit by engaging with this content. https://lnkd.in/dyWDMJTE #GynecologicalOncology #VulvarCancer #MedicalResearch #PatientCare #OncologyAdvances

Can all of these cancers be treated effectively? The treatment options for bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and testicular cancer depend on several factors, such as the type, stage, and grade of the cancer, the patient’s overall health, and their preferences. Some of the common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapyAd1. These treatments aim to remove or destroy the cancer cells, prevent them from spreading, and reduce the symptoms and complications. However, not all cancers can be cured or controlled by these treatments, and some may recur or become resistant to therapy. The effectiveness of the treatment also varies depending on the individual response and the side effects. Therefore, it is important to consult with a specialist doctor who can recommend the best treatment plan based on the specific case and the latest evidence. You can also find more information about the treatment options for each type of cancer from the following sources: Bladder cancer - Treatment - NHS Urological cancers (bladder, kidney, prostate, testicular) | The Royal Marsden Urologic Cancers > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine Urological cancers | King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Treatment for bladder cancer | Cancer Research UK

Immunotherapy alone can achieve complete remission in select patients with colon and rectal cancer. That’s the experience and conclusion of UH GI oncologist Sakti Chakrabarti, MD – a finding that challenges the status quo. Dr. Chakrabarti has been treating certain colorectal cancer patients, including those with early-stage disease, with the immunotherapy agent pembrolizumab (Keytruda) with great success. Patients who qualify have a specific genomic signature known as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), which makes them exquisitely sensitive to immunotherapy. That’s about one in five colon cancer patients who ordinarily require surgery. At the same time, Dr. Chakrabarti has been collecting information from other cancer centers nationwide and putting it into a large database called 'DREAM-GI.' The goal, he says, is nothing short of radically altering the standard of care for colorectal cancer patients who generally need surgery and often chemotherapy. “A lot of people don't realize that some colon cancers can be put in complete remission and potentially be cured without surgery or radiation or chemotherapy,” Dr. Chakrabarti says. A less invasive approach like treatment with immunotherapy is especially needed for older adults with colorectal cancer who are at risk of complications from surgery and chemotherapy. Read more at https://lnkd.in/gt23FDrZ #colorectalcancer #colorectalcancerawareness #healthcareinnovation #patientsfirst

Don Dizon, MD, Professor of Medicine and Surgery, shared pivotal updates from the BrUOG 354 trial at the 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting. The trial's findings highlight the efficacy of combining immunotherapy agents nivolumab (Opdivo) and ipilimumab (Yervoy) for patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma, achieving a notable overall response rate with a familiar safety profile. This research is a significant step towards improved treatment options for aggressive ovarian cancers. Explore the details of this promising study and its implications for the future of cancer therapy. #OvarianCancer #Immunotherapy #MedicalResearch

The best good news stories always seem to come from research studies! This one is brilliant for all the obvious reasons, but also fascinating because of how tailored the approach is to the individual: "The vaccine is an individualised neoantigen therapy. It is designed to trigger the immune system so it can fight back against a patient’s specific type of cancer and tumour. "...To personalise it, a sample of tumour is removed during the patient’s surgery, followed by DNA sequencing and the use of artificial intelligence. The result is a custom-built anti-cancer jab that is specific to the patient’s tumour." #CancerResearch #Cancer #PublicHealth #Science https://lnkd.in/ead8R3bc