Mike Simon’s Post

How can you test low-latency, ultra-high speed 5G applications? 3GPP Release 18, with implementable #specifications in 2024, adds significant new capabilities and features, including: • Data Rate Enhancement. Higher uplink and down speeds thanks to new antenna technologies. • Latency Enhancement. Continuing 5G’s push into low latency communications. • Network Slicing Improvements. Management advances allowing more granular configuration and service continuity. • RedCap IoT. Reduced capability 5G NR devices on par with LTE Cat 1, with reduced complexity (and data rates) corresponding to lower costs. • 5G Multicast. One-to-many communications over the 5G network, established in Release-17, but improved in Release-18 to broaden applications Emblasoft Evolver’s Uranium module supports XDP to enable comprehensive testing at the microsecond-level for the most-demanding #URLLC #5G use cases. It offers a new way to test and assure the performance of ultra-high speed, low latency applications. Learn more about testing low-latency, ultra-high speed 5G applications in their new briefing paper. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ We can help you monetize any new or existing business models: B2C, B2B, B2B2X by providing global market insights of CSP monetization Please reach us out at kanesh@global5Gevolution.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Follow us on Kaneshwaran Govindasamy & Global 5G Evolution Click comment box . #subscribe our #youtube channel Check out this week's most controversial #5GAdvanced #conference

What is Direct 2 Everything (D2X) https://lnkd.in/eUjZvKpe a new (Non-3GPP) RAT Harmonized Aligned 5G NR (MBS) Interwork. Stated 5G Requirement TS 22.261 section 6.13: "The 5G system shall support interworking of 5G multicast/broadcast with non-3GPP digital terrestrial broadcast networks. NOTE 1A:     Any impact on the non-3GPP digital terrestrial broadcast standard is out of scope of 3GPP standardization". Uses ATSC 3.0 Physical Layer as a Baseline to enable L1/L2 signaling to support efficient Battery Powered Devices https://lnkd.in/eNEVVNhy and Interwork 5G Multicast Broadcast Services (MBS) for Converged Services aligned 3GPP Principles. Mutual Benefit 5G MNO and BVNO and spectrum efficiency in future using disaggregated Cloud-Native Principles and requirement TS 22. 261. The ATSC 3.0 standards https://lnkd.in/echC9Xab are optimized for fixed broadcast television services. The ATSC 3.0 physical layer standards are flexible, extensible, and efficient within 1dB of Shannon capacity. However, ATSC 3.0 suite of standards shown lack the required L1/L2 signaling for efficient battery powered services, including IoT, wearables and interworking 5G NR (MBS). These gaps are filled by D2X multicast broadcast system proposed by extensions to ATSC A/321, A/322, A/330 standards. The ATSC 3.0 suite of standards is unchanged and legacy ATSC 3.0 receivers can co-exist in same spectrum (6, 7, 8) MHz bandwidths with D2X. Also, D2X with extended L1/L2 signaling can exist independently in spectrum using (5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 20) MHz bandwidths. #D2X #ATSC3 #5GMBS #Interwork #Non3GPP #Harmonized

𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝟱𝗚: 𝗕𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗱𝘁𝗵 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀 (𝗕𝗪𝗣𝘀) 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗘𝗧 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Let’s explore the intricate relationship between Bandwidth Parts (BWPs) and Control Resource Sets (CORESETs). Buckle up, tech enthusiasts! 🌐🔍 𝗕𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗱𝘁𝗵 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀 (𝗕𝗪𝗣𝘀): - BWPs are dynamic slices of the available spectrum within a channel bandwidth. - They allow adaptive resource allocation based on varying needs—akin to tuning an instrument for different melodies. - Introduced in 3GPP Release 15, BWPs enhance spectrum efficiency and flexibility. 𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗘𝗧𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲: - A CORESET orchestrates control signaling within a 5G frame. - CORESET 0: This special CORESET serves as the system’s heartbeat, carrying essential control information. - BWP-CORESET Relationship: Imagine CORESET 0 as the maestro, directing BWPs. Each BWP aligns its boundaries with CORESET 0’s slots. - BWPs dynamically map to CORESET 0, ensuring harmony across the network. - CORESET 0’s timing impacts latency and last slot scheduling decisions. - UE and BWP Switching: Switching can be done over DCI or RRC Signalling. - CORESETs are defined in 3GPP TS 38.211. 𝗪𝗵𝘆 ?! - Efficiency: BWPs optimize spectrum usage, while CORESET 0 ensures timely coordination. - Critical for 5G: As we scale to massive IoT and ultra-reliable services, BWPs helps serving different devices in a more seemless way. - Next-Gen Networks: BWPs and CORESETs pave the way for 5G’s adaptive symphony. Photo Source: Medium Post: https://lnkd.in/gvrxEgRf #5G #WirelessTech

Two different devices from the same manufacturer (National Control Devices (ncd.io), on the same Dashboard from Qubitro 1st one the left a simple LoRaWAN temperature and humidity sensor. It monitor the environment on my balcony where my plants are. Nothing fancy, expensive or that complicated to look at the data of. 2nd one on the right is Digi International Vibration sensor, that utilizes their Mesh technology. It is connected to my PC case (my GPU blew a fan and I had to replace it, so as any real man I am now monitoring it after it is in a sense too late). Completely different protocol than #LoRaWAN. It is more suited for heavy IIoT applications that require a lot of bandwidth and reliability. The data this sensor ouputs is a lot and it is a lot more complex to process. Both heave their separate Gateway device (Robustel). The LoRaWAN is connected to The Things Network. The DigiMesh is using its built-in Node-Red instance to parse and forward the data via MQTT. The beauty is that two very different devices on a protocol and application level transmit to the same MQTT Cloud broker from Quibitro and agregate the data pn one platfrom. As you can see from the image you can easily combine any NCD sensor and arrange the data in a way that best suits you. It is nice to have a manufacturer that offers platform agnostic hardare, but it needs a decent platform to go with so you can extract the maximum capabilities of the devices. I am hoping to add some #HaLow in the coming months, probably some AsiaRF Co., Ltd. units utilizing Morse Micro hardware for more diversity and see how I can combine things. What IoT protocols are you using, what devices, how many if at all are you combining on one platform (I am referring to different RF/Protocol stacks that work in the same application). #lorawan #meshing #iiot #iot #nodered One is outside monitoring the plants on the balcony. The other one is sticking to my PC case, since my GPUs fans died and I had to replace them yesterday. What is interesting is that despite the different protocol stack and them having two separate gateways (Robustel) they aggregate the data on a single platform Qubitro allows to integrate them in one dashboard since they offer a free online MQTT broker service. Pretty nifty to be able to combine them this way. I am hoping to add some HaLow sensors from AsiaRF by the end of the month. I will have 3 different architecture types under one platform. What are you using, are you combining LoRaWAN and another one, or perhaps several. Oh and did I meantion anyone can access this dashboard in real time via the link. https://lnkd.in/dmMdGzVs

Mobile has made a leap ~10 years ✅ 5G Ramping volume and expanding to new use case ✅ 5G Advanced Embarking on the 2nd phase of 5G innovations ✅ 6G Aligning on early vision, foundational research, and timeline ✅ 3GPP Release 19 Realising the full potential of 5G – Addressing real and urgent commercial needs ✅ Mobile broadband evolution and further vertical expansion – Continue to enhance mobile experiences and extend 5G’s reach into new area ✅ Immediate and longer-term commercial needs – Drive new value in commercialisation efforts and efficiently enable advanced deployments ✅ New and enhanced devices and network evolution – Focus on the end-to-end 5G technology evolution to bring new levels of performance 👉🏼 Evaluate assumptions of the study, including deployment scenarios, connectivity topologies, spectrum options, design targets, device architecture, link budget, and coexistence considerations 👉🏼 Study ambient IoT design feasibilities across RAN working groups: 💡RAN 1: study air interface design including frame structure, synchronization, timing, random access, numerologies, bandwidths, multiple access, waveforms, modulations, channel coding, … 💡RAN 2: study and decide what’s needed for a compact protocol stack and lightweight signaling procedure including paging, random access, data transmission, upper layer interactions, … 💡RAN 3: identify necessary impacts on CN-RAN interface signaling/procedures to enable paging, device context management, data transport; identify RAN architecture aspects and how to locate an ambient IoT device 💡RAN 4: study coexistence with 5G NR/LTE and RF requirements 👉🏼 What’s next in 5G Advanced? .....by Qualcomm #qualcomm #5G Follow us on Global 5G Evolution and Kaneshwaran Govindasamy Click comment box for latest #5G #presentations

Duplex Scheme in 4G and 5G Networks Duplex schemes refer to methods that allow simultaneous transmission and reception of data in wireless communication. In mobile networks like 4G and 5G, three primary duplexing methods are used: 🔹 Frequency Division Duplex (FDD): In FDD, two separate frequency bands are allocated for uplink (from the user to the base station) and downlink (from the base station to the user). These bands operate simultaneously, allowing continuous transmission and reception. FDD is widely used in regions where paired spectrum is available, offering better performance in voice calls and consistent data throughput. FDD requires a broader spectrum allocation but ensures minimal interference between uplink and downlink channels due to the separation of frequencies. 🔹Time Division Duplex (TDD): In TDD, uplink and downlink share the same frequency band but operate at different times. The time slots are divided between uplink and downlink transmissions, alternating between them. TDD is more spectrum-efficient and flexible, especially in scenarios with unpaired spectrum or asymmetric traffic patterns (e.g., more download than upload). It is particularly useful in data-centric networks where high bandwidth is needed for downloads, such as video streaming or cloud services. 🔹Half-Duplex FDD: Half-Duplex FDD is a variant of FDD where the user equipment (UE) cannot transmit and receive simultaneously. Instead, it alternates between transmitting and receiving on the uplink and downlink frequencies. This method is often used in low-cost or low-power devices like some IoT applications, where the complexity and cost of full-duplex operation are not necessary. Though it shares the same frequency separation as full-duplex FDD, the inability to transmit and receive simultaneously can lead to slightly reduced data rates compared to full-duplex FDD. To learn more about basics of telecom technologies, visit - https://lnkd.in/eYM9Ew66 #telecom #technology #learning #platform #itelcotech #academia

✅A closer look at 5G Advanced Release 18 ✅ by Qualcomm ✴Where are we on the 5G journey? ✴What’s in 5G Advanced Release 18 and what are our key innovations? ✴How does 5G Advanced fit into our 6G vision? ☑What’s in 3GPP Release 18? 🔸 Broadband Evolution 🔸 Enhanced Uplink 🔸IoT Advancement and Expansion 🔸Efficient System Design 🔸Wireless AI Foundation ◼AI/ML-enabled air interface design ◼AI/ML framework for next-gen RAN 🔸Mobile Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) 🔸Network-controlled repeaters (NCR) 🔸Network energy-saving techniques ◼Low-power wake-up signal/receiver (WUS/WUR) 🔸Further improving XR experience 🔸Enhanced RedCap Devices 🔸5G sidelink capabilities Enhancement 🔸5G positioning technologies 🔸5G satellite communications Enhancement 🔘5G NR for NTN 🔘5G IoT for NTN 🔸5G multicast/broadcast Enhancement ✅It is a concise, interesting format, and fantastic document. Thank you 🙏 Qualcomm for sharing us. #5G #NR #5G_Advanced #Release_18 #Enhancement #Qualcomm #Telecommunication

📡 Understanding 5G Physical Layer Modulation Schemes 📡 As we delve deeper into the era of 5G, understanding the underlying technologies is crucial. One of the key components of 5G technology is the modulation schemes used in the physical layer. These schemes determine how data is transmitted over the airwaves, impacting everything from data rates to reliability. Here's a breakdown of the different modulation schemes used in 5G: 🔹 QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)   - **How it works:** Transmits data by changing the phase of a carrier wave.   - **Applications:** Basic GPS service. 🔹 16QAM (16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)   - **How it works:** Combines phase and amplitude changes, allowing more data per symbol.   - **Applications:** Standard HD television broadcast. 🔹 64QAM (64-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)   - **How it works:** Similar to 16QAM, but with more variations, allowing more data per symbol.   - **Applications:** High-quality video streaming services. 🔹 256QAM (256-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)   - **How it works:** Increases data capacity with more variations in amplitude and phase.   - **Applications:** Ultra-HD 4K TV broadcasts. 🔹 1024QAM (1024-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)   - **How it works:** Offers the highest data rates with a large number of variations.   - **Applications:** Specialized, high-speed broadband connections. 🔹 π/2-BPSK (Pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying)   - **How it works:** A variant of BPSK with improved spectral efficiency.   - **Applications:** Low-bandwidth applications like some IoT devices. Understanding these modulation schemes is essential for appreciating how 5G enhances connectivity, offering faster speeds and more reliable connections across a range of applications. Each scheme has its unique advantages, tailored for specific use cases, ensuring that 5G meets the diverse needs of modern communication. Let's embrace the future of connectivity with 5G! 🚀 #5G #Telecom #ModulationSchemes #Innovation #Technology #Connectivity

Here is 5G basics

SPI vs. QSPI: Understanding the Differences in Serial Communication Technologies Great explanation by Samba Ndome In the world of embedded systems, choosing the right communication technology can make a significant difference in the performance and scalability of your projects. Let’s compare two popular serial communication interfaces: SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and QSPI (Quad SPI). 🔹 𝐒𝐏𝐈 (𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞): 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝: Typically up to 20 MHz, can reach 60 MHz in high-performance systems. 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Uses a single data line for sending and another for receiving, with separate clock and select lines. 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: Ideal for standard data exchange with sensors, SD cards, and moderate-speed peripherals. 🔹 𝐐𝐒𝐏𝐈 (𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐝 𝐒𝐏𝐈): 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝: Much faster, generally operates between 133 MHz and 166 MHz, capable of exceeding 200 MHz in optimized settings. 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Uses four lines for data, allowing for faster data transfer rates by transmitting on all lines simultaneously. 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: Best suited for high-speed operations like rapid code execution from flash memory, multimedia processing, and large-scale data handling in advanced IoT devices. 🌟 𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬: 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲: QSPI enhances throughput and system responsiveness by reducing the time required for data transfers. 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐢𝐭𝐲: While QSPI offers speed advantages, it also requires more sophisticated hardware management and circuit design. 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲: QSPI is more scalable for future technologies requiring higher data rates, which is crucial for evolving digital applications. If you like our work, consider subscribing to our newsletter: https://lnkd.in/ecgcjRaj 💡 What challenges have you faced when integrating SPI or QSPI in your projects? How did you overcome them? Share your insights and strategies with the community below! 👇 #EmbeddedSystems #SPI #QSPI #TechnologyComparison #TechTalk