No lift for low dam levels: DAM levels across the country remain substantially lower than a year ago, with most water reservoirs not receiving substantial inflows yet during the current rainy season. According to the Namibia Water Corporation’s latest update on the state of the country’s dams, the three dams on which Windhoek depends for a major part of its water supply – Swakoppoort, Von Bach and Omatako – are currently holding about 30,3 million cubic metres of water, compared to combined contents of 63,3 million cubic metres a year ago. The three dams are currently filled to 19,6% of their combined storage capacity – less than half of their combined level of 41% a year ago. The Hardap Dam near Mariental, which is an important source of water for irrigation, is currently storing about 35,8 million cubic metres of water, which is 12,2% of its capacity, compared to a level of about 41,6% (122,8 million cubic metres) at the same time last year. The Naute Dam near Keetmanshoop, which also stores water for irrigation purposes, holds about 33,2 million cubic metres of water at the moment, compared to 56,6 million cubic metres a year ago. The main dam levels reported by NamWater yesterday, with the dams’ readings at the corresponding time a year ago in brackets, are: Swakoppoort 39% (76,4%) Von Bach 11% (28,7%) Omatako 0,7% (2,6%) Hardap 12,2% (41,6%) Neckartal 83,7% (93,5%) Naute 39,8% (67,8%) Oanob 42,7% (62,5%) Otjivero Main 4,6% (14,7%) Otjivero Silt 1,9 (0,7%) Tilda Viljoen 5% (40%) Daan Viljoen 5,5% (16%) Olushandja 37,4% (18,3%) Friedenau 55,4% (72,6%). The post No lift for low dam levels appeared first on The Namibian.
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Managing Somalia’s surface and ground water resources for a resilient future. This study delves into the challenges facing #Somalia's surface and groundwater resources due to climate change and population growth. The study underscores that poor management of these resources is driving their depletion. By using The water Evaluation and planing tool( WEAP) , current irrigation practice in the Shabelle and Juba river basins involved 50,000 ha and 15,000 ha, respectively. These findings indicate that the domestic water demand for the current period is 912 million cubic meters (Mm'). Under a long-term plan, irrigation practice in these two river basins would be 135,000 ha and 32,000 ha respectively. The long-term plan results reveal that the domestic and irrigation water demand on the Shabelle river would be 1,542 Mm". The findings also show that, under this long-term plan, the water demand on the Juba river would be 1,627.5 Mm® for domestic use and 2,419 Mm® for irrigation. Higher rainfall would increase the flow of water in the Juba river. It is possible that the Shabelle river has undergone more human interventions than has the Juba river, resulting in an increased flow of water for the Juba” Moreover, The study touched on The absence of clear roles among the institutions involved in the water sector that leads to conflicting responsibilities and competition for resources, particularly in relation to the allocation of funds for water projects.” Interesting Figures to understand the situation; Figure 1: Rainfall during Gu and Deyr rainy seasons in Somalia. Figure 2: Variability and rainfall trends in Somalia. Figure 3: Projected annual average temperature in Somalia 2020-2079. Figure 4: Geographical locations of Shabelle and Juba rivers of Somalia. Figure 5: The average flow rates of Shabelle and Juba rivers of Somalia Figure 6: Daily river-water flow of Shabelle river at Jowhar district, Somalia. Figure 7: Daily river flow of Shabelle river at Beledweyne district, Somalia. Figure 8: Distribution of boreholes per region. Figure 9: Estimated domestic and irrigation water demand under current period at Shabelle river. Figure 10: Estimated domestic and irrigirrigation water demand under current of Jubbariver. Link to the full report: bit.ly/3vsAhJd
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Dam levels remain low countrywide: Most of Namibia’s main surface water reservoirs are storing substantially less water now than a year ago, the Namibia Water Corporation’s (NamWater) latest update on the state of the country’s dams shows. According to NamWater’s weekly dam bulletin, released yesterday, the three dams on which Windhoek depends for a major part of its water supply – Swakoppoort, Von Bach and Omatako – are currently holding about 33,2 million cubic metres of water, compared to combined contents of 68,9 million cubic metres a year ago. The three dams are currently filled to 21,5% of their combined capacity – less than half of their combined level of 44,6% a year ago. The Hardap Dam near Mariental, which is an important source of water for irrigation, is currently storing about 46 million cubic metres of water, which is 15,7% of its capacity, compared to a level of about 46% (135,7 million cubic metres) at the same time last year. The City of Windhoek announced restrictions on the use of water at the end of May last year and set a savings target of 10% below the city’s normal water consumption levels. Last week, however, city residents again exceeded the savings target, using 10% more water than the set target. The main dam levels reported by NamWater yesterday, with the dams’ readings at the corresponding time a year ago in brackets, are: • Swakoppoort 42,4% (80,4%) • Von Bach 12,3% (32,5%) • Omatako 1,1% (5,6%) • Hardap 15,7% (46%) • Neckartal 85% (94,8%) • Naute 43,2% (71,8%) • Oanob 45% (65%) • Otjivero Main 5% (19,3%) • Otjivero Silt empty (0,9%) • Tilda Viljoen 13% (32%) • Daan Viljoen 6,7% (25,4%) • Olushandja 43,4% (14,8%) • Friedenau 57% (75,7%). The post Dam levels remain low countrywide appeared first on The Namibian.
Dam levels remain low countrywide
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Take control of Pakistan’s rivers and boost the ability to irrigate growing crops The Mangla dam is a multipurpose dam on the river Jhelum in the Mirpur district of Pakistan. The 7th largest in the world, the dam is named after the nearby village of Mangla. It is used for irrigation and producing hydro-electric power. The scheme was designed by London firm Binnie and Partners, led by engineer Geoffrey Binnie, an ICE Fellow. The structure was built to give farmers in Pakistan more water during crucial growing seasons. Before the dam's construction the country's irrigation system was dependent on the unregulated flows of the river Indus and its tributaries. Pakistan’s agricultural output was very low often because there wasn’t enough water to irrigate fields while crops were growing. Things were often made worse by flooding during monsoon season and a lack of reservoirs to store water when rivers were high. The Mangla project was developed after Pakistan and India signed the Indus Water Treaty in 1960. That gave Pakistan rights to the 3 western rivers of India – the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus. Mangla was the first of 2 dams built to strengthen Pakistan’s ability to irrigate its crops. The other was the Tarbela dam on the river Indus. Difference the dam has made The Mangla project has boosted the volume of water that can be used for irrigation from the river Jhelum and its tributaries. The dam can currently irrigate up to 1.3m acres of land. The dam is credited with saving lives and reducing damage to property by storing and holding back storm waters – e.g during the floods that hit Pakistan in September 2014. The scheme has produced hydro-electricity for over 50 years. Energy bosses say it’s generated up to 8% of the country’s electricity needs in some years. How the work was done The Mangla dam is 3,140m long and 147m high. It covers a surface area of 251km². It was designed to withstand earthquakes stronger than any experienced in the region. Engineers working on the project used clay and sandstone bedrock excavated near the site of the dam. Gravel for the scheme was taken from the bed of the river Jhelum. Challenges engineers faced included the discovery of shear zones – weaknesses – in the region’s clay beds during survey work for the project. The discovery of the shear zones meant a toe weight had to be placed on the upstream side of the dam. A toe weight is a heavy structure at the base of a dam which gives it extra support. Engineers built the scheme’s power house at the foot of the structure and constructed 5 steel tunnels to carry water to the plant. The station now has 10 electricity-generating turbines.
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Zimbabwe is endowed with good water resources, with a total of 10600 dams in the country, with a potential to irrigate over 2,000,000ha. The country has about 233,000ha equipped with irrigation infrastructure and currently 219,000ha of the equipped infrastructure is currently functional. The country had targeted 350,000ha between 2021 and 2025 when the Accelerated Irrigation Rehabilitation and Development Plan was launched. Furthermore, Zimbabwe has a potential to store 47.3 billion m3 water with a total potential 10% yield of 14.6 Billion m3. Currently only 22.4% (10.6 billion m3) of this is stored in existing dams. Approximately 80% of the developed volume is for agricultural use. The potential irrigable area using potential dams is currently at 1 460,000 ha (at 8 ML/Ha/year). If we then tape into transboundary waters of the Zambezi river around Mlibizi and Kanyemba areas an additional 450 000 ha can be irrigated. This gives us the 2 million potential irrigable area. SOURCE: Zimbabwe Drought Mitigation Strategies Document. Measures for Mitigation and Resilience Building by MLAFWRD Water Resources, Irrigation Development and WASH Coordination #wwweek #water4irrigation #foodsecurity Obert Jiri Tinotenda A. Mhiko Zimbabwe National Water Authority(ZINWA) Agricultural and Rural Development Authority Zimbabwe (ARDA)
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Credit to Jed Macapagal June 17, 2024 Water supply from Cavite dams to be tapped for household use https://lnkd.in/g9n5XQr2 RIGHTS for the use of dams in Cavite originally intended for irrigation of the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) will be auctioned off to be utilized for domestic use, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) said. DAVID DENR Undersecretary Carlos Primo David said there are 22 dams in Cavite being managed and maintained by NIA even if there are no longer existing farms to serve. There are not much farms in Cavite nowadays as they were converted to households. NIA will turn over these dams to the provincial government of Cavite which will conduct the auction. David who also heads the Water Resource Management Office (WRMO), said out of the 22 dams, four have been tapped by Maynilad, 13 are transferred to be managed by the provincial government of Cavite and the remaining five are also set to be transferred for the local government. Cavite has existing supply of ground water and some surface water but it will no longer suffice. At present, our initial target is to provide additional water for one million people in Cavite. Since the management of NIA’s dams were transferred to the province of Cavite, hopefully sometime in October they will have it bidded out. Ronald Padua, Maynilad water supply operations head, said out of the four dams secured by the company for water supply in Cavite, two are in Bacoor and the other two are in Imus. ● Padua said one of the dams, Anabu Dam, has been operational since late last year providing 4 million liters per day (MLD) to 8 MLD in Imus. ● Padua said a second dam in Imus is scheduled to be operational by the third quarter through the Julian modular treatment plant with a 4 MLD capacity. ● Maynilad said there is also an ongoing construction for the Molito Dam in Molino that is scheduled for completion by early or mid-next year. ● Padua said the fourth Ligas Dam is currently awaiting for an official award of its contract which is still completing its permits. If awarded this year, the Ligas Dam will be completed and operational by end-2025 or early 2026 since it will have a significant 18 MLD capacity.
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Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using GIS‑based water quality index in urban area of Abaya‑Chemo sub‑basin of Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia https://lnkd.in/eqNExKsb
Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using GIS-based water quality index in urban area of Abaya-Chemo sub-basin of Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia - Applied Water Science
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The reduced storage levels in the #southernregion are indicative of worsening #water scarcity and potential challenges for #irrigation, #drinkingwater supply and #hydroelectricpowergeneration in these #states
Southern India Faces Water Crisis as Reservoir Levels Plunge to Just 17% Capacity: CWC
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The Ripple Effect of Neglected Desilting Rivers and dams are lifelines, providing water for irrigation, drinking, and hydropower. However, sediment buildup due to inadequate desilting significantly impacts their capacity. Reduced Water Storage: Sedimentation reduces the storage capacity of dams and reservoirs, leading to less water availability during dry seasons. This impacts agriculture, hydropower generation, and disrupts water supply for domestic and industrial needs. Strained Agriculture: With less water for irrigation, agricultural productivity suffers. This can lead to crop failures, impacting food security and livelihoods. Ecological Imbalance: Sediment accumulation disrupts the natural river ecosystem, harming fish and aquatic life. This can also affect floodplains that rely on seasonal flooding for nutrient-rich deposits. Increased Droughts: Reduced water storage due to sedimentation exacerbates droughts. Areas dependent on these water sources become more vulnerable to water scarcity. Remedies for Neglected Desilting: Natural Solutions: Watershed Management: Implementing practices like tree planting and controlled grazing in catchment areas reduces soil erosion and sediment flow into rivers and dams. Floodplain Restoration: Restoring floodplains allows rivers to overflow naturally, depositing sediment on land instead of accumulating in dams. Technical Solutions: Regular Desilting: Regularly removing sediment from dams and reservoirs using dredging techniques maintains their storage capacity. Desilting Techniques: Employing advanced techniques like mechanical dredging or hydrosuction can remove sediment efficiently. By prioritizing desilting alongside natural solutions, we can ensure our rivers and dams continue to serve us effectively. This will improve water security, mitigate droughts, and promote a healthy environment.
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Msc Water Resources Engineering and Researcher of EcoHydraulic- EcoHydrodynamic and BioHydraulic Modeling of River Fishes Habitat
Regulatory structures in Sefidroud irrigation network Broad Crested Weir side weirs are structures for regulating and diverting excess flows in hydraulic engineering. These types of structures are built next to canals, canals and rivers in order to contain the flood and reduce its risks by diverting and overflowing part of the flood flow whose water level in the main canal or waterway has increased from a certain heightbe at the bottom . Lateral overflows are hydraulic structures that are used to divert flow in irrigation and drainage systems. In the current situation, one of the important factors in the high efficiency of distribution networks and the satisfaction of farmers is the optimal performance of water catchment structures. Therefore, in order to make a fair distribution throughout the network, we must first find out about the correct and principled operation of water catchments, and if there is a problem in the water catchments, we should fix it. The regulated water flow from the #Sefidroud_Dam is distributed through the Tarik diversion dam, the water tunnel on Foman, the Goleroud diversion dam and the Sangar diversion dam, the Goleroud canals and the right and left Sangar canals and hundreds of kilometers of main and secondary channels within the scope of the #Sefidroud_irrigation_network . It nourishes the paddy fields. Sefidroud dam is the largest reservoir dam in Gilan province in Iran, which is built on Sefidroud river and downstream of the confluence of 2 Qezal Ozan and Shahroud rivers, 75 km south of Rasht city and adjacent to Manjil city. Gilan province is considered to be the largest producer of local and high-quality rice varieties in Iran, which ranks first in the country in terms of cultivated area and second in rice production.
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My previous post looked at why average water allocation prices could increase significantly, if the future is dry. As discussed, this average is largely driven by outliers – occasional years of severe drought with extremely high prices. This post explores the implications for water use by irrigation industries. There are different ways of conceptualising the relationship between water allocation prices and water use. Many people think in terms of gross margins. For example, an indicative gross margin for rice might be $200 per ML. From this perspective, it’s not worth growing rice when water allocation prices are above $200 per ML. There are two problems with the gross margins approach. First, gross margins vary based on the crop variety, production technology, management skill, soils and climate. Second, the behaviour of landholders is more complex than implied by the gross margins approach. This is evident in the figure below. The orange dots show the historical relationship between water allocation prices and water use by the rice industry in the Murrumbidgee (there is an equivalent for the Murray). While water use falls as water allocation prices increase, water use does not abruptly fall to zero at $200 per ML (or elsewhere). To address this, our water trade model takes a statistical approach based on the observed water use decisions of irrigators. This involves using regression techniques to estimate the relationship between water allocation prices and water use, controlling for other factors that influence water use, such as commodity prices, rainfall in growing regions, and a time trend. The blue dots (above) show the combinations of water allocation prices and water use generated by the model over the 1,000-year baseline. You can see that the model results are broadly consistent with observed behaviour, as far as models go. At the risk of getting too technical, some people have misinterpreted the results in our report. To be clear, we are not suggesting that 417 GL of water would be used by the rice industry in the southern Murray–Darling Basin at prices of $401 per ML in the Murrumbidgee and $325 per ML in the Murray (above Barmah). These are averages over 1,000 years and water use at the average prices will be less than average water use (because the demand curve is convex). How do we explain average water use of 417 GL? Despite high average water allocation prices, there are still many years in the 1,000-year baseline when water allocation prices are low in the Murrumbidgee and Murray (above Barmah), and water use in these years pushes up the average. There is more nuance to these results, including distinctions between short run and long run. Feel free to contact me if you would like to know more.
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