Nathanial Carter’s Post

Explanation : 1. Light Speed Remains Constant: The speed of light in a vacuum is always 299,792 kilometers per second, regardless of the observer's motion or the source of light. This constancy is a cornerstone of both Special and General Relativity. 2. Time is the 4th Dimension: In relativity, time is considered the fourth dimension, merging with the three spatial dimensions to form a four-dimensional space-time continuum. This means time is not separate from space but is intertwined with it. 3. Faster You Move Through Space, Slower You Move Through Time: This illustrates time dilation, a key concept in Special Relativity. As you approach the speed of light, time slows down for you relative to a stationary observer. If you were to travel close to light speed, you would age more slowly than those you left behind. 4. Gravity is the Curvature of Space-Time: According to General Relativity, gravity is not a force between masses but rather the effect of masses curving the fabric of space-time. Massive objects like stars and planets cause a distortion in space-time, which we perceive as gravity. 5. Time Slows Down Around Heavy Objects: This effect, known as gravitational time dilation, means that time runs slower in stronger gravitational fields. Near a massive object like a black hole, time slows down significantly compared to regions with weaker gravitational fields. 6. Gravity Travels in the Form of Waves: Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space-time caused by the acceleration of massive objects, such as merging black holes or neutron stars. These waves propagate outward at the speed of light, carrying energy across the universe. These six principles encapsulate the essence of Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which has profoundly changed our understanding of space, time, and gravity. Galaxy Aerospace Ghana

Null geodesics of a spacetime are a key factor in determining dynamics of particles. In this paper, it is argued that, within the scope of validity of Cosmological Principle, expansion of the Universe causes the null geodesics to accelerate, providing us with a universal acceleration scale cH_0/e. Since acceleration of null rays of spacetime corresponds to null rays of velocity space, demanding the invariance of acceleration of light yields a new metric for the velocity space, which introduces time as a dimension of the velocity space. Being part of the configuration space, modification of distance measurements in velocity space alters the Euler-Lagrange equation and from there the equation of motion, Newton's Second Law. It is then seen that the resulting modification eliminates the need for Dark matter, yielding MOND as an approximation, fixing Milgrom's constant to the unprecedentedly exact value of a_0=cH_0/2e, without suffering MOND's theoretical shortcomings. https://lnkd.in/dsug8hNs

Einstein_Generalrelativity_for_dummies Imagine a heavy ball on a stretched-out blanket. The ball will cause the blanket to bend or curve downwards. This curved surface represents how massive objects like the ball distort the geometry of space-time around them. Now, if you roll a smaller ball on this curved blanket, it will start moving by following the curvature created by the heavy ball. This is similar to how objects move through space by following the distortions of space-time geometry caused by the presence of massive objects like planets or stars. In other words, instead of thinking of gravity as a force pulling objects together, general relativity says that objects move along the curved paths that massive objects create in the geometry of space and time. The heavier or more massive an object is, the more it warps the space-time around it, which is what we experience as a stronger gravitational pull. Imagine that heavy ball on the blanket is extremely massive, like a black hole. The blanket fabric will curve so extremely that it will create a pit or hole that even light cannot escape from - this is a black hole in general relativity. Now picture rolling marbles (representing light rays or photons) across this highly distorted blanket geometry near the black hole pit. The marbles will have to follow the severe curvature and can even go into orbits around the hole. This bending of light by extreme gravity is called gravitational lensing. Additionally, if you had a clock on one of those marbles moving around the black hole pit, you'd find that it ticks slower compared to a clock far away from the curved blanket region. This slowing of time is known as gravitational time dilation. The more massive and dense the object creating the blanket curvature, the more extreme the time distortion effect. Near a black hole, time essentially grinds to a halt from the perspective of an outside observer. Iqbal Latif

In 1915, Einstein published his famous theory of General Relativity which shattered our understanding of gravity. 🌌 It has been very succesfull at describing the motion of planets in our Solar System as well as the history of our expanding Universe. The way gravity behaves might however deviate from Einstein's theory at galactic scales. To probe such a deviation, one can exploit strong lensing. This is an impressive observational effect predicted by General Relativity that occurs when two galaxies align. The background galaxy thus appears multiple times in our field of view. 🔭 Using strong lensing, I set up an observational test of General Relativity at galactic scales. I found no significant discrepancy with Einstein's theory but this work paves the way for future studies where large surveys, like Euclid space mission 🛰️, will be able to gain significant accuracy on the measurements thanks to the hundreds of thousands systems expected to be detected. In the meantime, Einstein's theory remains our reference. This work has been recently accepted and published in the Physical Review D. and is available with open access on the arXiv (https://lnkd.in/e-FMVcSW). I hereby express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Edvard Mörtsell and Stockholms universitet for giving me the opportunity to lead this study. Feel free to reach me if this subject catch your interest from near or far. Cheers!

Just realized I can resolve gravitational time dilation (opposite gravitational redshift) with the simultaneity plane cascade model, in terms of the observable relative ticking of each thing being the component /unentangled/ from the other, that from the higher one entangled more with other objects besides those in the immediate gravitational field — LESS redshifted from the outer space material. This is cool. I am out to undermine #Einstein perhaps to the extent that he was "maturing" (hence at this point realizing it well to respect his special relativity, as I've re-resolved each paradox for myself with added challenge components) because I do not trust his brain — unlike our more flawed models — to have *needed* cooperation with an infinitely (hence not finite deterministically, with a consideration later for why infinite space exists in no frame other than that of a non-participant) derived bound state, a soul, to function. I think his soul very much stopped being part of the equation regarding his brain activity, and that was why his brain could not grip the notion of quantum uncertainty, endemic to our soulful experiences. It is the flaws in our brains that require the bound states, the souls, to be bound and to experience and to copilot the ship. https://lnkd.in/ggvc-ery

See in my cute new toy model this would emerge because intensity of the infinitude of soft light would be low enough that the probability of finding a reasonably polarized pair of non-infinitesimal area collectively average below 0 energy patches of the soft light front would be at least 5% or so (on average obvi like 50%). This probability does demand spectralization of light (fine) but not necessarily quanticization of light. These patches induce outwardly evanescent potential gradients in their wake (the gravitational time dilation refractive index, from infinity down) that result in immediate amplification and broadening of themselves, and voila, in no time you've got a mass (all masses are baby black holes). But it should fail to stabilize around the equator (something Jupiter still struggles to do with the orthogonal dimensions to this — E&M, which might require slower rotation) unless it has some rotation (could be in uncollapsed direction) leading to baseline refraction of the front (potentially in uncollapsed blanketing) and hence front densification-at-radius-range slowing progression but strengthening gradient.

A star like a Matryoshka doll: New theory for gravastars . If gravitational condensate stars (or gravastars) actually existed, they would look similar to black holes to a distant observer. Two theoretical physicists have now found a new solution to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, according to which gravitational stars could be structured like a Russian matryoshka doll, with one gravastar located inside another. #ScienceDailynews #InnovativeResearch #NextGenScience #ExploringFrontiers

Thanks to the dizzying growth of cosmic observations and measurement tools and some new advancements (primarily the "discovery" of what we... #astronomy #astrophysics #blackhole #cosmology #darkenergy #darkmatter #darkuniverse #physics #stringtheory

I am pleased to introduce one simple part of the fundamental tensor of quantized general relativity, which appears to be as a conformal transformation of the classical tensor. The other part is - on one hand - sophisticated. On the other hand, it could be negligibly small. The fundamental tensor is the only proposed modification for the quantization of general relativity. The quantization approach itself is based on a multi-layer quantum geometric approach. In one layer it generalizes quantum mechanics. In a second layer it generalizes the Riemann geometry of spacetime to the Hamilton geometry of phase space. In a third layer it introduces a theory of kinematics of free-falling quantum particle in the emerged curvatures that are different in nature from Riemann curvatures and their contractions. The important thing to note is that in this step we are preserving general relativity as presented by Albert Einstein and not offering an alternative to it. What we are offering is an expansion of the scales over which you can apply it. Relativity is no longer restricted to large scales. This quantized version is properly valid at both large and small quantum scales.

This is a design for a "rotating wall vessel," a way (I believe optimal for single cells) to simulate microgravity. The path of the cell is interesting: it almost reminds me of what little I've read of gravitomagnetism. I /also/ now know Einstein was able to derive the gravitoelectricity responsible for an unaccounted-for fraction of Mercury's helioorbital precession using General Relativity, when no one priorly had been able to derive it using Newtonian dynamics. That was General Relativity's breakthrough selling point. I'd like to re-visit the problem with Newtonian dynamics both with this phenomenon in mind and with considerations of trying Newtonian dynamics simply with lightspeed gravitational field flux as opposed to instantaneous gravitational field flux. With Einstein's math next to my side as a point of obvious reference and copying when still appropriate given the alternative model at hand. I know I was skeptical of SR forever and finally gave in after trying a somewhat deeper approach to determine how "tick" light pulses from one body would arrive appropriately at another in a Twin Paradox situation. Well, I'm skeptical of GR too, but differently skeptical. Of SR, I was skeptical of its correctness. No longer skeptical. But of GR, I'm skeptical of its necessity. Was the only real major breakthrough, perhaps, the use of a lightspeed gravitational field flux over an instantaneous one? As far as gravitational time dilation with GR goes, one can almost derive it using photon box clock modeling as one does with SR. I'll have to see if there's a tweak I can make there totally to derive it. I mean, I like the fact that gravity is smooth and is caused by a mass-energy tensor. I've grown to love the idea that it's classical rather than quantum. Maybe GR is the best way to have it play an even deeper role, as the causality for all true oscillation -- in which case I'll be more prone still to like GR. I'll be prone regardless as long as it proves truly to be the only way to get certain results, which I'll test. But maybe it's unnecessary, all the same. https://lnkd.in/gmAZvQz4