NDT Inspection Equipment’s Post

Causes of Oil Storage Tank Bottom Failure Some causes of tank bottom leakage or failure. 1-Internal pitting and pitting rates in the anticipated service. 2-Corrosion of weld joints (weld and heat affected zone). 3-Weld joint cracking history. 4-Stresses placed on the bottom plates by roof support loads and shell settlement. 4-Underside corrosion (normally in the form of pitting). 5-Inadequate drainage resulting in surface water flowing under the tank bottom. 6-The lack of an annular plate ring. 7-Uneven settlement that results in high localized stresses in the bottom plates. 8-Roof support columns or other supports welded to the tank bottom where adequate allowance for movement was not made. 9-Rock or gravel foundation pads with inadequately filled-in surface voids. 10-Nonhomogeneous fill under the tank bottom (for example, a lump of clay in a sand foundation pad). 11-Inadequately supported sumps. Local Repairs by Welding of Tank Bottom: Patch plates can be used for small, corroded spots inside #API653 #API650 #Inspection #Corrosion #Engineer #Mechanical #Quality

1. Curing test on FBE can also be checked by MEK .... Soaked pad in contact with coated surface for 1 minute followed by vigorous rubbing for 30.. seconds. 2. What is the field adhesion test on FBE? X Cut 3. What is meaning of custom coated pipes? Custom coated pipes" refer to pipes that have been specially coated or treated according to specific requirements or specifications. The coating could be applied for various reasons, such as corrosion protection, insulation, or aesthetic purposes. Custom coating can involve different materials and methods depending on the desired outcome and the environment in which the pipes will be used. 4. What is the meaning of Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE)? Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) is a type of coating applied to steel pipes and fittings to protect them from corrosion. It is a thermosetting powder coating that is applied to the heated surface of the steel. The heat causes the powder to melt and fuse together, creating a hard, protective layer. FBE coatings provide excellent adhesion and chemical resistance, making them ideal for use in harsh environments such as pipelines for oil, gas, and water transportation. Fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coating is a powder coating broadly used to provide protection to pipelines, steel pipes. 5. What APCS is followed for internal FBE coating of pipe? APCS stands for "Approved Painting Coating Specification." For internal FBE coating of pipes, the APCS would typically specify the requirements and procedures for applying the fusion bonded epoxy coating to the interior surface of the pipe. This would include surface preparation, application methods, curing process, inspection requirements, and quality control measures to ensure that the coating meets the required standards and provides effective corrosion protection. The specific APCS used would depend on the project requirements and industry standards. 6. What APCS is followed for external FBE coating of pipe? For external FBE coating of pipes, the Approved Painting Coating Specification (APCS) would typically include detailed requirements and procedures for applying the fusion bonded epoxy coating to the exterior surface of the pipe. This would involve surface preparation, application methods, curing process, inspection requirements, and quality control measures. The specific APCS used would depend on the project specifications and applicable industry standards, such as those from the American Petroleum Institute (API) or the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE).

#Seal #Assemblies (Locator, Anchor, Latch) Used with permanent type packers to provide isolation between the producing zone and the annular space above the packer when the tubing is located into the packer. The seal assemblies are designed with external seals on the tubing which pack-off in the polished bore of the packer or a packer extension (used to retain the same packer bore diameter as the tubing). Basic seal units include two seal stacks, but any number of seal units can be screwed together to increase the length of the assemblies. Types of assemblies Locator seal assemblies: The tubing locator seal assembly does not lock into the packer. The tubing string can't be landed in tension except that of its own weight, however, the tubing can be landed with setdown weight. Careful calculation is required to ensure that with maximum shortening the seal remains in the packer bore. Tubing expansion above the original design estimate is liable to cause buckling. Anchor seal assemblies: The anchor tubing seal assembly is latched to the packer. the string can be landed in tension to take up expansion during production. helical buckling is prevented if sufficient tension is pulled. The risk of leakage is reduced. Latching the tubing can produce problems in tubing recovery (deviated holes, corrosive wells, production zone above the packer, solids settlement in annulus) If packer fluid is used with latched tubing, a solids-free fluid should be used. Stingers: used with the hydraulically set, single string permanent packer. Seal nipple assemblies: normally used as the method of sealing the production tubing at the lowest of two or more seal bore packers, set one above the other in the well bore. Since the seal nipple does not have a locating shoulder, it can pass through the seal bore in the upper packer and seal in the lower packer. It can be spaced out such that as it seals in the lower packer, an anchor seal or locator seal assembly can be landed in the upper packer. Polished Bore Receptacle (PBR): This is frequently used for wells where a production liner has been installed whereby the production tubing can be run and located in a seal bore at the top of the liner. It offers a simple and cheap completion technique but the seals may be prone to damage from solids settling out of the fluid in the annulus and to be a safe completion it requires an effective cement bond in the liner lap region to provide fluid isolation. Installing a moving or dynamic seal assembly is dictated by the predicted maximum string movement and its ability to tolerate the stresses. #Wellservice #wellservices #Workover #Workovers #snubbing #HWO #CT #CWIteamleader #IWCF #IADC #wellcontrol #completions #completion #intervention #Interventions #wellintegrity #rigless

According to my knowledge and experience in different refineries civil inspections, storage tanks foundation should be properly compacted. tank concrete wall should be properly cast by good quality concrete. Its steel bars should be in enough quantity. tank dimension survey should be be done. Foundation should be properly inspected for strength and rebars scanning. After that tank internal inspection should be done by NDT. cathodic protection should also be installed. #ndtinspection #safety #integrity #assetintegrity #testing #qualityconstruction

Tank Integrity Assestment Oil storage tank walls are affected by continuous force/load from operation and weather conditions. When tank desing, it should calculation cover all conditions, But with in time, metals may fatigue or weaken for these forces and loads. Also tanks and equipments ekstra weak caused by corrosion and erosion. For these reasons tanks and process equipments must inspected and assestment correct way regarding actual standarts.  Storage tank is a complex unit consisting of separate structures: wall, bottom, roof, floating roof, foundation, pipelines, auxiliary structures etc., which differ considerably both in respect of design as well as defects which may occur. Therefore, in order to assess integrity of a tank it is necessary first of all to examine each structure separately considering the defects found and tank operation conditions and after that interaction of the structures. Herewith it is necessary to consider product properties, loading cycles, filling level, wind and snow loads, environmental corrosiveness etc.  It is evident that storage tank integrity assessment have to be performed consisting of several stages. At each of the stage the calculation and analysis of individual elements and structures have to be performed and after that the storage tank have to be considered as a whole. Source:https://lnkd.in/gZYxicnW #oilandgas #refinery #storage #tanks #inspection #maintenancemanagement #processsafety #safety #integrity #terminal #corrosion #erosion #fire #design #engineeringdesign #metallurgy #welding

Asset management,Operations and maintenance is an art done by practical artist called Engineers... Periodic discipline wise inspection shouldn't be ever broken under any circumstances...

ERW Steel Pipe Specification Measurement Method 1) Measuring method of outer diameter of #ERW steel pipe 2) Measurement method of wall thickness of ERW steel pipe 3) Measuring method of ERW steel pipe length For more, visit: https://lnkd.in/gSH8i4P #pipemeasurement #erw #weldedpipe #erwpipe #pipesize #pipespecification #steelpipeinspection

Although tank integrity was discussed and we understand the importance, the fire protection design may need to consider a worst-case scenario involving tank rupture and oil spillage with fire. However, this might not be well-received from someone perspective due to the substantial foam-water extinguishing requirements for a large surface burning. In this context, what is the preference: prioritizing loss prevention (life and asset safety) or considering Capital Expenditure (CapEx)?

Thanks Onur Bey for the informations. 👍 My other opinion is that corrosion is one of the root causes of the accident. (especially 1. shell plate and lap weld) The joints of bottom and 1. shell plate of storage tanks are more corrosive areas. (backwater, rain, etc). i think this storage tank has not been maintained for a long time... storage tank collapsed due to high corrosion at 1. shell plate and lap weld. Add Info..the sandblasting-painting period for storage tanks generally between 7 and 10 years. Recommendations to reduce 1. shell plate corrosion Reducing maintenance periods for 1. shell plate, and increasing paint quality or micron. #storage #api #api650 #fuelterminal #corrosion