Nerine Koch’s Post

How clade help to define pattern of relationship in a phylogenetic trees In phylogenetics, a clade is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants, representing a single branch on the tree of life. This concept is central to the field of cladistics, a method of classification based on common ancestry. Clades are defined by their possession of shared derived characteristics \(synapomorphies\) that distinguish them from other groups. The members of a clade share a more recent common ancestor with one another than with any organisms outside the clade, making it a monophyletic group. Clades can vary in size from a large group that includes many species to a small group consisting of a single species and its descendants. Identifying and studying clades helps scientists understand the evolutionary relationships and history of life on Earth. Youtube video: https://lnkd.in/dej26FP8 \#nikolays_genetics_lessons

Let's talk. Mycrorrhizae and the 2 types. Ectomycorrhizae and Endomycorrhizae are two types of symbiotic relationships which exist between fungi and the roots of higher plants. Ectomycorrhizae, as the name suggests, do not penetrate deep into the plant (the cortical cells). Endomycorrhiza, on the other hand, tends to penetrate deeper (into the cortical cells).

#OnlineFirst: A taxonomy for cerebellar cavernous malformations: subtypes of cerebellar lesions. https://lnkd.in/eAnrmvKc

WHICH CAME FIRST, THE EGG OR THE CHICKEN (HEN)? Science has only one answer to this emblematic question: the egg first! The first eggs were laid by reptiles that lived about 350 million years ago. Unlike amphibians (from which they derive), reptiles laid eggs out of water, and these had a hard and porous shell, to protect the precious content from drying out by the Sun. Chickens are birds, and we know that birds evolved from reptiles, so we can say that the first bird hatched from an egg that was laid by a reptile that was very similar to, but not quite, a bird itself. The first chickens evolved about 58 thousand years ago. Wild chickens were domesticated in India in 3200 BC. Records from China and Egypt show that chickens were domesticated and laid eggs for human consumption around 1400 BC, and there is archaeological evidence of egg consumption dating back to the Neolithic period. From this premise, it is obvious that the egg comes first and then comes the chicken! And then, the first living beings were very simple organisms, formed by a single cell (unicellular), from which other living forms developed, made up of many cells. The egg, essentially, is a unicellular organism, made up of a single "large" cell, and was born before the chicken. Finally, the symbolism. Since ancient times, man has considered the egg a symbol, which represented the union between earth and sky. For Egyptian philosophers, the egg was the fulcrum of the 4 elements: earth, water, air and fire. But what is the chemistry of eggs (and egg shells)? #egg

A New Model for calculating Okra Seed Germenation Rates when germenation capacity is unknown or variant in a fixed region. A Necessary step before scaling up okra production from one Origin Lot, while also maintaining genetic resiliency in a specific variety. (simplfiying the planning process when introducing new seed lots into new environments) If we get desirable results from this season's yield, we may have a winner. And if not, then we will measure, document, and make adjustments. Either way, we will publish the white paper in January 2025. Over the next few months, I am going to be sharing informally some of the steps we have taken over the past 3 seasons.

Inheritance of Resistance to Cry1A.105 in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 📚included in the Special Issue "Resistance of Pests to Insecticidal Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)" 👉Access the paper: https://lnkd.in/gipSsim7 #mdpiinsects #Lepidoptera

Pneumococcus is a bacterial species of the genus Streptococcus, a stationary lancet-shaped diplococcus 0.5-1.25 µm long. It is also known in the literature as Weixelbaum diplococcus and Frenkel diplococcus.

Heterorhaditis is a bug-killing nematode. It can turn the insides of an insect into goop, then it reproduces in the insect's carcass. This paper reports on the virulence of six Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains from the Azorean Archipelago. https://t.co/jTUR7Z87s4

Following the post of yesterday, I will explain you more about naphto-gamma-pyrones. Naphto-gamma-pyrones are secondary metabolites known for their antioxydant capacity. They are formed by a carbon chain containing 13 atoms of carbon with a naphtalene and pyrone cores. The grecque letter gamma refers to the position of the oxygen atom on the carbonyl group. Naphto-gamma-pyrones are usually classified as monomers or dimers and their biological activity depends on their structure. Their biosynthetic pathway is not elucidated in the bibliography. They are mainly produced by bacteria, yeats or fungae like Aspergillus tubingensis. What is Aspergillus? If you are interested to know more, follow me in my next post. #naphtogammapyrones

Today is National egg 🥚 day Jungle fowl were domesticated in India by 3200 B.C.E. Record from China and Egypt show that fowl were domesticated and laying eggs for human consumption around 1400 B.C.E., and there is archaeoligical evidence for egg consumption dating back to the Neolithic age. The Romans found egg-laying hens in England, Gaul, and among the Germans. The first domesticated fowl reached North America with the second voyage of Columbus in 1493." Eggs are rich sources of selenium; vitamin A, D, K, B6, and B12; and minerals such as zinc, iron, and copper. They are particularly known to be a source of choline, which helps in brain development and sharpens memory But what is the chemistry ⚗️ of Eggs 🥚 #chemistry #eggs #biochemistry #science #sciencecommunication #foodscience #foodscienceandtechnology #scienceandtechnology #infographic via Compound Interest | Chemistry infographics