NOWDiagnostics | NOWDx’s Post

https://lnkd.in/dMDA2twM Owing to the reduced global population exposure to Mycoplasma in the preceding years, immune debt theory, the resurgence of MPP may also be associated with increased extrapulmonary manifestations with a more severe disease spectrum. Given the possible detrimental effects of coinfections, early detection of coexisting viral infections and high vigilance for atypical extrapulmonary manifestations become crucial for effective risk stratification and timely interventions to improve clinical outcomes in these patients.

Erythema nodosum https://lnkd.in/emxrB26g Erythema nodosum is a hypersensitivity reaction of unknown cause in up to 55% of patients [6]. In other cases, it is associated with an identified #infection, #drug, #inflammatory condition, or #malignancy Throat infections (#streptococcal disease or viral infection) Primary #tuberculosis (TB), a rare cause in New Zealand #Yersinia infection; this causes diarrhoea and abdominal pain #Chlamydia infection Fungal infection: histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or #Crohn disease) #Sarcoidosis (11–-25%); X-ray shows bilateral hilar adenopathy in #Löfgren syndrome Malignancy Lymphoma Leukaemia Behçet disease #Pregnancy Parasitic infection: amoebiasis, giardiasis

An Old Drug with New Tricks :) In the COVID-OUT Trial, Metformin significantly reduced the odds of hospitalizations/death through 28 days by 58%, of emergency department visits/hospitalizations/death through14 days by 42%, and of long COVID through 10 months by 42%. And now, a companion study revealed that Metformin reduced COVID viral load among standard-risk outpatients with COVID-19, according to a study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases. Participants who received metformin were about 30% less likely to have a detectable viral load than those who received placebo. “In the COVID-OUT randomized trial for outpatient COVID-19, metformin reduced the odds of hospitalizations/death through 28 days by 58%, of emergency department visits/hospitalizations/death through14 days by 42%, and of long COVID through 10 months by 42%,” wrote Carolyn T. Bramante, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and colleagues. “Here, we present the viral load quantification from samples obtained during the COVID-OUT trial.” The metformin effect was consistent across subgroups and increased over time. “The antiviral response is consistent with the statistically significant and clinically relevant effects of metformin in preventing clinical outcomes,” the authors remarked. “Metformin is pleiotropic with other actions that are relevant to COVID-19 pathophysiology.” The COVID-OUT trial excluded low-risk individuals, limiting enrolment to standard-risk adults aged 30 to 85 years with a body mass index in the overweight or obesity categories, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection within 3 days, and no prior confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

This is the longest follow-up study of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing a significant and long-lasting burden of Long Covid in the pediatric population. "Our findings highlight the urgent need of investing in pediatric Long Covid in order to find effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, as well can inform preventive strategies in case of future pandemics." #biomedicalresearch #pharmaceuticalresearch

📌Viral Meningitis📌 🎯Viral meningitis is inflammation of the leptomeninges as a manifestation of central nervous system (CNS) infection. 🎯Enteroviruses account for more than 85% of all cases of viral meningitis. 🎯 prognosis is usually excellent, with most cases resolving in 7-10 days, The exception usually are neonates patients in whom viral meningitis can be fatal or associated with significant morbidity. 🎯A high WBC count in the CSF (especially neutrophils), a high protein level, and a low glucose level should suggest a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, although some viral pathogens may produce similar CSF numbers. 🎯In infants, broad-spectrum antibacterial coverage and acyclovir should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is suspected. Special attention should be paid to fluid and electrolyte balance (especially sodium). 🎯Waiting for LP results should not delay administration of antibiotics when needed. Ampicillin and (Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime or ceftazidime)  Aminoglycosides are used in severe infections in neonates or children.  🎯Symptomatic control with antipyretics, analgesics, and antiemetics is usually all that is needed in the management of uncomplicated viral meningitis. 🎯Acyclovir is usually used empirically in more severe cases complicated by encephalitis or sepsis. dose as 0-15 mg/kg IV q8hr for 10 days. 🎯Seizures should be treated immediately with IV lorazepam 0.1 mg/kg IV and IV load with phenytoin 15 mg/kg. 🎯Cerebral edema occur in cases of severe encephalitis to control ICP start Mannitol (1 g/kg followed by 0.25-0.5 g/kg q6h), and IV dexamethasone. #clinicalpharmacy# #Antibioticsnotes#

My new investigation of TLRs expression in different stages of cervical HPV infection. More details in the link below.

Burnet has launched the Protektem Pikinini Blong Yu study with the Vanuatu Ministry of Health, to investigate how antiviral prophylaxis can prevent #HepatitisB transmission from mother to child. "If successful, the approach could be scaled up across the Pacific region, potentially averting hundreds of infections annually," principal investigator Dr Caroline van Gemert said. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause serious conditions like liver cancer and cirrhosis and poses significant health challenges in Vanuatu. Globally, mother-to-child transmission accounts for 40% of new hepatitis B infections, with higher risks associated with pregnant women who have a high viral load. Read more: https://lnkd.in/gb3T9Kxv

Co-signaling receptor modulation to treat hepatitis B infection Treating chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection my involve reversing CD8+ T cell dysfunction. In this study, the researchers traced the trajectory and fate of dysfunctional HBV-specific CD8+ T cells and analyzed the modulation of co-signaling receptors following hepatocellular priming. Upregulation of PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, OX40, 4-1BB, and ICOS was observed during early infection, The researchers identified 4-1BB agonism as the most promising strategy to convert these cells into antiviral effectors for treating chronic HBV infections. #sciencenewshighlights #ScienceMission https://lnkd.in/g52rMhrZ https://lnkd.in/gg6gWZm7

Did you know that any infection can cause sepsis? Whether it’s bacterial, viral, or fungal, sepsis is the body’s extreme reaction to infection. The body attacks its own organs and tissues, which can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. Some infections that can trigger sepsis include:  - Viral infections like influenza (the flu) - Pneumonia - Bacterial Infections from wounds, cuts & scrapes - Urinary tract infections (UTIs)   - Intra-abdominal infections (like appendicitis)   - Dental infections   - Post-operative infections  Certain people are at higher risk, such as:   - Those with chronic conditions (cancer, kidney disease, or lung disease)   - People with weakened immune systems (from medications or HIV/AIDS)   - Pregnant women with complications   - Children under one year of age  Symptoms to watch out for: - Fever or low body temperature - Rapid heart rate or breathing - Confusion or disorientation - Extreme fatigue or weakness - Chills or shivering - Reduced urine output - Abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting - Skin rash or discoloration - Difficulty breathing - Low blood pressure - Elevated white blood cell count - Elevated lactate levels Learn more about sepsis at endsepsis.org

NEWS 📰 Availability of point-of-care HBV tests in resource-limited settings – [Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology] 🔊Effective therapies and vaccines are available to suppress viral replication, reduce disease complications, and limit transmission. To approach the goal of eliminating #hepatitisB as a public health challenge by 2030, it is imperative to identify individuals with chronic disease and to prevent new infection. 📲https://ow.ly/7gZP50Tr6kt